 |
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 1999, 19(24):10778-10788
The Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Neurocan and Phosphacan Are Expressed by Reactive Astrocytes in the Chronic CNS Glial Scar
Robert J. McKeon1, Michael J. Jurynec2, and Charles R. Buck2 Departments of 1 Cell Biology and 2 Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PGs) expressed by reactive astrocytes may contribute to the axon growth-inhibitory environment of the injured CNS. The specific potentially inhibitory CS-PGs present in areas of reactive gliosis, however, have yet to be thoroughly examined. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, combined immunohistochemistry-in situ hybridization, immunoblot analysis, and reverse transcription-PCR to examine the expression of specific CS-PGs by reactive astrocytes in an in vivo model of reactive gliosis: that is, the glial scar, after cortical injury. Neurocan and phosphacan can be localized to reactive astrocytes 30 d after CNS injury, whereas brevican and versican are not expressed in the chronic glial scar. Neurocan is also expressed by astrocytes in primary cell culture. Relative to the amount present in cultured astrocytes or uninjured cortex, neurocan expression increases significantly in the glial scar resulting from cortical injury, including the re-expression of the neonatal isoform of neurocan. In contrast, phosphacan protein levels are decreased in the glial scar compared with the uninjured brain. Because these CS-PGs are capable of inhibiting neurite outgrowth in vitro, our data suggest that phosphacan and neurocan in areas of reactive gliosis may contribute to axonal regenerative failure after CNS injury.
Key words: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans; reactive astrocytes; glial scars; axonal regeneration; CNS injury; gene expression
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/192410778-11$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:
J.-Y. C. Hsu, L. Y. W. Bourguignon, C. M. Adams, K. Peyrollier, H. Zhang, T. Fandel, C. L. Cun, Z. Werb, and L. J. Noble-Haeusslein
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Facilitates Glial Scar Formation in the Injured Spinal Cord
J. Neurosci., December 10, 2008; 28(50): 13467 - 13477.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Beck, M. Semisch, C. Culmsee, N. Plesnila, and A. K. Hatzopoulos
Egr-1 Regulates Expression of the Glial Scar Component Phosphacan in Astrocytes after Experimental Stroke
Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2008; 173(1): 77 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
T. L. Laabs, H. Wang, Y. Katagiri, T. McCann, J. W. Fawcett, and H. M. Geller
Inhibiting Glycosaminoglycan Chain Polymerization Decreases the Inhibitory Activity of Astrocyte-Derived Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
J. Neurosci., December 26, 2007; 27(52): 14494 - 14501.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Santos-Silva, R. Fairless, M. C. Frame, P. Montague, G. M. Smith, A. Toft, J. S. Riddell, and S. C. Barnett
FGF/Heparin Differentially Regulates Schwann Cell and Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Interactions with Astrocytes: A Role in Astrocytosis
J. Neurosci., July 4, 2007; 27(27): 7154 - 7167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J.-Y. C. Hsu, R. McKeon, S. Goussev, Z. Werb, J.-U. Lee, A. Trivedi, and L. J. Noble-Haeusslein
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Facilitates Wound Healing Events That Promote Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury
J. Neurosci., September 27, 2006; 26(39): 9841 - 9850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
H. Zhang, T. Muramatsu, A. Murase, S. Yuasa, K. Uchimura, and K. Kadomatsu
N-Acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 is required for brain keratan sulfate biosynthesis and glial scar formation after brain injury
Glycobiology, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 702 - 710.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Lamprianou, N. Vacaresse, Y. Suzuki, H. Meziane, J. D. Buxbaum, J. Schlessinger, and S. Harroch
Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase {gamma} Is a Marker for Pyramidal Cells and Sensory Neurons in the Nervous System and Is Not Necessary for Normal Development.
Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2006; 26(13): 5106 - 5119.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. Pastrana, M. T. Moreno-Flores, E. N. Gurzov, J. Avila, F. Wandosell, and J. Diaz-Nido
Genes associated with adult axon regeneration promoted by olfactory ensheathing cells: a new role for matrix metalloproteinase 2.
J. Neurosci., May 17, 2006; 26(20): 5347 - 5359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Massey, C. H. Hubscher, M. R. Wagoner, J. A. Decker, J. Amps, J. Silver, and S. M. Onifer
Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the perineuronal net promotes functional collateral sprouting in the cuneate nucleus after cervical spinal cord injury.
J. Neurosci., April 19, 2006; 26(16): 4406 - 4414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. M. Schwab, P. P. Monnier, H. J. Schluesener, S. Conrad, R. Beschorner, L. Chen, R. Meyermann, and B. K. Mueller
Central Nervous System Injury-Induced Repulsive Guidance Molecule Expression in the Adult Human Brain
Arch Neurol, October 1, 2005; 62(10): 1561 - 1568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Brambilla, V. Bracchi-Ricard, W.-H. Hu, B. Frydel, A. Bramwell, S. Karmally, E. J. Green, and J. R. Bethea
Inhibition of astroglial nuclear factor {kappa}B reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury
J. Exp. Med., July 5, 2005; 202(1): 145 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. J. M. Marler, R. Kozma, S. Ahmed, J.-M. Dong, C. Hall, and L. Lim
Outgrowth of Neurites from NIE-115 Neuroblastoma Cells Is Prevented on Repulsive Substrates through the Action of PAK
Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2005; 25(12): 5226 - 5241.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Zhang, A. K. Kardaszewska, T. van Veen, U. Rauch, and M.-T. R. Perez
Integration between Abutting Retinas: Role of Glial Structures and Associated Molecules at the Interface
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2004; 45(12): 4440 - 4449.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. J. Velardo, C. Burger, P. R. Williams, H. V. Baker, M. C. Lopez, T. H. Mareci, T. E. White, N. Muzyczka, and P. J. Reier
Patterns of Gene Expression Reveal a Temporally Orchestrated Wound Healing Response in the Injured Spinal Cord
J. Neurosci., September 29, 2004; 24(39): 8562 - 8576.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. M. Blalock, J. W. Geddes, K. C. Chen, N. M. Porter, W. R. Markesbery, and P. W. Landfield
Incipient Alzheimer's disease: Microarray correlation analyses reveal major transcriptional and tumor suppressor responses
PNAS, February 17, 2004; 101(7): 2173 - 2178.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. D. Sorensen, O. Nicole, R. D. Peavy, L. M. Montoya, C. J. Lee, T. J. Murphy, S. F. Traynelis, and J. R. Hepler
Common Signaling Pathways Link Activation of Murine PAR-1, LPA, and S1P Receptors to Proliferation of Astrocytes
Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2003; 64(5): 1199 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. L. Jones, D. Sajed, and M. H. Tuszynski
Axonal Regeneration through Regions of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Deposition after Spinal Cord Injury: A Balance of Permissiveness and Inhibition
J. Neurosci., October 15, 2003; 23(28): 9276 - 9288.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. Q. Bundesen, T. A. Scheel, B. S. Bregman, and L. F. Kromer
Ephrin-B2 and EphB2 Regulation of Astrocyte-Meningeal Fibroblast Interactions in Response to Spinal Cord Lesions in Adult Rats
J. Neurosci., August 27, 2003; 23(21): 7789 - 7800.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Zhang, U. Rauch, and M.-T. R. Perez
Accumulation of Neurocan, a Brain Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan, in Association with the Retinal Vasculature in RCS Rats
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., March 1, 2003; 44(3): 1252 - 1261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. L. Jones and M. H. Tuszynski
Spinal Cord Injury Elicits Expression of Keratan Sulfate Proteoglycans by Macrophages, Reactive Microglia, and Oligodendrocyte Progenitors
J. Neurosci., June 1, 2002; 22(11): 4611 - 4624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. L. Jones, Y. Yamaguchi, W. B. Stallcup, and M. H. Tuszynski
NG2 Is a Major Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Produced after Spinal Cord Injury and Is Expressed by Macrophages and Oligodendrocyte Progenitors
J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2792 - 2803.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. A. Asher, D. A. Morgenstern, M. C. Shearer, K. H. Adcock, P. Pesheva, and J. W. Fawcett
Versican Is Upregulated in CNS Injury and Is a Product of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells
J. Neurosci., March 15, 2002; 22(6): 2225 - 2236.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. G. Becker and T. Becker
Repellent Guidance of Regenerating Optic Axons by Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans in Zebrafish
J. Neurosci., February 1, 2002; 22(3): 842 - 853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Inatani, M. Honjo, Y. Otori, A. Oohira, N. Kido, Y. Tano, Y. Honda, and H. Tanihara
Inhibitory Effects of Neurocan and Phosphacan on Neurite Outgrowth from Retinal Ganglion Cells in Culture
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2001; 42(8): 1930 - 1938.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Harroch, M. Palmeri, J. Rosenbluth, A. Custer, M. Okigaki, P. Shrager, M. Blum, J. D. Buxbaum, and J. Schlessinger
No Obvious Abnormality in Mice Deficient in Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase beta
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2000; 20(20): 7706 - 7715.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
M. Inatani, H. Tanihara, A. Oohira, M. Honjo, N. Kido, and Y. Honda
Upregulated Expression of Neurocan, a Nervous Tissue Specific Proteoglycan, in Transient Retinal Ischemia
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2000; 41(9): 2748 - 2754.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|