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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 1999, 19(3):928-939
Identification of Microglial Signal Transduction Pathways
Mediating a Neurotoxic Response to Amyloidogenic Fragments of
-Amyloid and Prion Proteins
Colin K.
Combs,
Derrick E.
Johnson,
Steve B.
Cannady,
Timothy M.
Lehman, and
Gary E.
Landreth
Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and
Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine,
Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4928
Microglial interaction with amyloid fibrils in the brains of
Alzheimer's and prion disease patients results in the inflammatory activation of these cells. We observed that primary microglial cultures
and the THP-1 monocytic cell line are stimulated by fibrillar -amyloid and prion peptides to activate identical tyrosine
kinase-dependent inflammatory signal transduction cascades. The
tyrosine kinases Lyn and Syk are activated by the fibrillar peptides
and initiate a signaling cascade resulting in a transient release of
intracellular calcium that results in the activation of classical PKC
and the recently described calcium-sensitive tyrosine kinase
PYK2. Activation of the MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2 follows
as a subsequent downstream signaling event. We demonstrate that PYK2 is
positioned downstream of Lyn, Syk, and PKC. PKC is a necessary
intermediate required for ERK activation. Importantly, the signaling
response elicited by -amyloid and prion fibrils leads to the
production of neurotoxic products. We have demonstrated in a tissue
culture model that conditioned media from -amyloid- and
prion-stimulated microglia or from THP-1 monocytes are neurotoxic to
mouse cortical neurons. This toxicity can be ameliorated by treating
THP-1 cells with specific enzyme inhibitors that target various
components of the signal transduction pathway linked to the
inflammatory responses.
Key words:
Alzheimer's disease; -amyloid; prion; microglia; THP-1 monocytes; signal transduction; tyrosine kinase; inflammation; neurotoxicity
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/193928-12$05.00/0
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