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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 1999, 19(5):1736-1753
Competitive Mechanisms Subserve Attention in Macaque Areas V2
and V4
John H.
Reynolds1,
Leonardo
Chelazzi2, and
Robert
Desimone1
1 Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of
Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892-4415, and 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e
della Visione, Sezione di Fisiologia, University of Verona, Verona,
Italy
It is well established that attention modulates visual processing
in extrastriate cortex. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are
unknown. A consistent observation is that attention has its greatest
impact on neuronal responses when multiple stimuli appear together
within a cell's receptive field. One way to explain this is to assume
that multiple stimuli activate competing populations of neurons and
that attention biases this competition in favor of the attended
stimulus. In the absence of competing stimuli, there is no competition
to be resolved. Accordingly, attention has a more limited effect on the
neuronal response to a single stimulus. To test this interpretation, we
measured the responses of neurons in macaque areas V2 and V4 using a
behavioral paradigm that allowed us to isolate automatic sensory
processing mechanisms from attentional effects. First, we measured each
cell's response to a single stimulus presented alone inside the
receptive field or paired with a second receptive field stimulus, while
the monkey attended to a location outside the receptive field. Adding
the second stimulus typically caused the neuron's response to move toward the response that was elicited by the second stimulus alone. Then, we directed the monkey's attention to one element of the pair.
This drove the neuron's response toward the response elicited when the
attended stimulus appeared alone. These findings are consistent with
the idea that attention biases competitive interactions among neurons,
causing them to respond primarily to the attended stimulus. A
quantitative neural model of attention is proposed to account for these results.
Key words:
spatial attention; monkey; extrastriate cortex; V2; V4; model
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1951736-18$05.00/0
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R. D. S. Raizada and S. Grossberg
Towards a Theory of the Laminar Architecture of Cerebral Cortex: Computational Clues from the Visual System
Cereb Cortex,
January 1, 2003;
13(1):
100 - 113.
[Abstract]
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E.-M. Meftah, J. Shenasa, and C. E. Chapman
Effects of a Cross-Modal Manipulation of Attention on Somatosensory Cortical Neuronal Responses to Tactile Stimuli in the Monkey
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 2002;
88(6):
3133 - 3149.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D. S. Marcus and D. C. Van Essen
Scene Segmentation and Attention in Primate Cortical Areas V1 and V2
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2002;
88(5):
2648 - 2658.
[Abstract]
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T. J. Gawne and J. M. Martin
Responses of Primate Visual Cortical V4 Neurons to Simultaneously Presented Stimuli
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2002;
88(3):
1128 - 1135.
[Abstract]
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M. W. Spratling
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical dendrites.
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev,
September 1, 2002;
1(3):
219 - 228.
[Abstract]
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S. Corchs and G. Deco
Large-scale Neural Model for Visual Attention: Integration of Experimental Single-cell and fMRI Data
Cereb Cortex,
April 1, 2002;
12(4):
339 - 348.
[Abstract]
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S. Ben Hamed, J.-R. Duhamel, F. Bremmer, and W. Graf
Visual Receptive Field Modulation in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during Attentive Fixation and Free Gaze
Cereb Cortex,
March 1, 2002;
12(3):
234 - 245.
[Abstract]
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M Rizzo and S P Vecera
Psychoanatomical substrates of Balint's syndrome
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
February 1, 2002;
72(2):
162 - 178.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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S. Kastner, P. De Weerd, M. A. Pinsk, M. I. Elizondo, R. Desimone, and L. G. Ungerleider
Modulation of Sensory Suppression: Implications for Receptive Field Sizes in the Human Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2001;
86(3):
1398 - 1411.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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L. Chelazzi, E. K. Miller, J. Duncan, and R. Desimone
Responses of Neurons in Macaque Area V4 During Memory-guided Visual Search
Cereb Cortex,
August 1, 2001;
11(8):
761 - 772.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. Fries, J. H. Reynolds, A. E. Rorie, and R. Desimone
Modulation of Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization by Selective Visual Attention
Science,
February 23, 2001;
291(5508):
1560 - 1563.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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D. L. Sheinberg and N. K. Logothetis
Noticing Familiar Objects in Real World Scenes: The Role of Temporal Cortical Neurons in Natural Vision
J. Neurosci.,
February 15, 2001;
21(4):
1340 - 1350.
[Abstract]
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M. S. Worden, J. J. Foxe, N. Wang, and G. V. Simpson
Anticipatory Biasing of Visuospatial Attention Indexed by Retinotopically Specific alpha -Band Electroencephalography Increases over Occipital Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
March 15, 2000;
20(6):
RC63 - RC63.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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G. H. Recanzone and R. H. Wurtz
Effects of Attention on MT and MST Neuronal Activity During Pursuit Initiation
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2000;
83(2):
777 - 790.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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E. Blaser, G. Sperling, and Z.-L. Lu
Measuring the amplification of attention
PNAS,
September 28, 1999;
96(20):
11681 - 11686.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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