 |
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 1999, 19(5):1836-1843
Neural Changes after Operant Conditioning of the Aerial Respiratory Behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis
Gaynor E. Spencer1, Naweed I. Syed1, and Ken Lukowiak1, 2 1 Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1, and 2 Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
In this study, we demonstrate neural changes that occurred during operant conditioning of the aerial respiratory behavior of Lymnaea stagnalis. Aerial respiration in Lymnaea occurs at the water interface and is achieved by opening and closing movements of its respiratory orifice, the pneumostome. This behavior is controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG), the neurons of which, as well as the motoneurons innervating the pneumostome, have previously been identified and their synaptic connections well characterized.
The respiratory behavior was operantly conditioned by applying a mechanical stimulus to the open pneumostome whenever the animal attempted to breathe. This negative reinforcement to the open pneumostome resulted in its immediate closure and a significant reduction in the overall respiratory activity. Electrophysiological recordings from the isolated CNSs after operant conditioning showed that the spontaneous patterned respiratory activity of the CPG neurons was significantly reduced. This included reduced spontaneous activity of the CPG interneuron involved in pneumostome opening (input 3 interneuron) and a reduced frequency of spontaneous tonic activity of the CPG interneuron [right pedal dorsal 1 (RPeD1)]. The ability to trigger the patterned respiratory activity by electrical stimulation of RPeD1 was also significantly reduced after operant conditioning. This study therefore demonstrates significant changes within a CPG that are associated with changes in a rhythmic homeostatic behavior after operant conditioning.
Key words: operant conditioning; learning; invertebrate; aerial respiration; central pattern generator; neuronal mechanisms; interneuron; motoneuron
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1951836-08$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:
M. V. Orr, K. Hittel, and K. Lukowiak
Predator detection enables juvenile Lymnaea to form long-term memory
J. Exp. Biol., January 15, 2010; 213(2): 301 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. V. Orr, K. Hittel, and K. Lukowiak
`Different strokes for different folks': geographically isolated strains of Lymnaea stagnalis only respond to sympatric predators and have different memory forming capabilities
J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2009; 212(14): 2237 - 2247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. M. Khan and G. E. Spencer
Novel neural correlates of operant conditioning in normal and differentially reared Lymnaea
J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2009; 212(7): 922 - 933.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. V. Orr, K. Hittel, and K. Lukowiak
Comparing memory-forming capabilities between laboratory-reared and wild Lymnaea: learning in the wild, a heritable component of snail memory
J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2008; 211(17): 2807 - 2816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Lukowiak, K. Martens, D. Rosenegger, K. Browning, P. de Caigny, and M. Orr
The perception of stress alters adaptive behaviours in Lymnaea stagnalis
J. Exp. Biol., June 1, 2008; 211(11): 1747 - 1756.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. V. Orr and K. Lukowiak
Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence Demonstrating That Predator Detection Alters Adaptive Behaviors in the Snail Lymnaea
J. Neurosci., March 12, 2008; 28(11): 2726 - 2734.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. V. Orr, M. El-Bekai, M. Lui, K. Watson, and K. Lukowiak
Predator detection in Lymnaea stagnalis
J. Exp. Biol., December 1, 2007; 210(23): 4150 - 4158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Nargeot, C. Petrissans, and J. Simmers
Behavioral and In Vitro Correlates of Compulsive-Like Food Seeking Induced by Operant Conditioning in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., July 25, 2007; 27(30): 8059 - 8070.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Sugai, S. Azami, H. Shiga, T. Watanabe, H. Sadamoto, S. Kobayashi, D. Hatakeyama, Y. Fujito, K. Lukowiak, and E. Ito
One-trial conditioned taste aversion in Lymnaea: good and poor performers in long-term memory acquisition
J. Exp. Biol., April 1, 2007; 210(7): 1225 - 1237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. D. Hawkins, G. A. Clark, and E. R. Kandel
Operant Conditioning of Gill Withdrawal in Aplysia
J. Neurosci., March 1, 2006; 26(9): 2443 - 2448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. R. Lowe and G. E. Spencer
Perturbation of the activity of a single identified neuron affects long-term memory formation in a molluscan semi-intact preparation
J. Exp. Biol., February 15, 2006; 209(4): 711 - 721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. Sakakibara, F. Okuda, K. Nomura, K. Watanabe, H. Meng, T. Horikoshi, and K. Lukowiak
Potassium Currents in Isolated Statocyst Neurons and RPeD1 in the Pond Snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2005; 94(6): 3884 - 3892.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. McComb, N. Varshney, and K. Lukowiak
Juvenile Lymnaea ventilate, learn and remember differently than do adult Lymnaea
J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2005; 208(8): 1459 - 1467.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Parvez, O. Stewart, S. Sangha, and K. Lukowiak
Boosting intermediate-term into long-term memory
J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2005; 208(8): 1525 - 1536.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
D. Rosenegger, S. Roth, and K. Lukowiak
Learning and memory in Lymnaea are negatively altered by acute low-level concentrations of hydrogen sulphide
J. Exp. Biol., July 1, 2004; 207(15): 2621 - 2630.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Sangha, A. Scheibenstock, R. Morrow, and K. Lukowiak
Extinction Requires New RNA and Protein Synthesis and the Soma of the Cell Right Pedal Dorsal 1 in Lymnaea stagnalis
J. Neurosci., October 29, 2003; 23(30): 9842 - 9851.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Sangha, A. Scheibenstock, and K. Lukowiak
Reconsolidation of a Long-Term Memory in Lymnaea Requires New Protein and RNA Synthesis and the Soma of Right Pedal Dorsal 1
J. Neurosci., September 3, 2003; 23(22): 8034 - 8040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. McComb, R. Meems, N. Syed, and K. Lukowiak
Electrophysiological Differences in the CPG Aerial Respiratory Behavior Between Juvenile and Adult Lymnaea
J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 983 - 992.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Lukowiak, S. Sangha, C. McComb, N. Varshney, D. Rosenegger, H. Sadamoto, and A. Scheibenstock
Associative learning and memory in Lymnaea stagnalis: how well do they remember?
J. Exp. Biol., July 1, 2003; 206(13): 2097 - 2103.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Nargeot
Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a Lobster Central Pattern Generator
J. Neurosci., June 15, 2003; 23(12): 4803 - 4808.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Sangha, A. Scheibenstock, C. McComb, and K. Lukowiak
Intermediate and long-term memories of associative learning are differentially affected by transcription versus translation blockers inLymnaea
J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2003; 206(10): 1605 - 1613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. F. Morris, D. M. Baekey, S. C. Nuding, T. E. Dick, R. Shannon, and B. G. Lindsey
Plasticity in Respiratory Motor Control: Invited Review: Neural network plasticity in respiratory control
J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2003; 94(3): 1242 - 1252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. S. Mitchell and S. M. Johnson
Plasticity in Respiratory Motor Control: Invited Review: Neuroplasticity in respiratory motor control
J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2003; 94(1): 358 - 374.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Sangha, C. McComb, and K. Lukowiak
Forgetting and the extension of memory in Lymnaea
J. Exp. Biol., January 1, 2003; 206(1): 71 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Lukowiak, Z. Haque, G. Spencer, N. Varshay, S. Sangha, and N. Syed
Long-Term Memory Survives Nerve Injury and the Subsequent Regeneration Process
Learn. Mem., January 1, 2003; 10(1): 44 - 54.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Scheibenstock, D. Krygier, Z. Haque, N. Syed, and K. Lukowiak
The Soma of RPeD1 Must Be Present for Long-Term Memory Formation of Associative Learning in Lymnaea
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 1584 - 1591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. E. Spencer, M. H. Kazmi, N. I. Syed, and K. Lukowiak
Changes in the Activity of a CPG Neuron After the Reinforcement of an Operantly Conditioned Behavior in Lymnaea
J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 1915 - 1923.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Sangha, C. McComb, A. Scheibenstock, C. Johannes, and K. Lukowiak
The effects of continuous versus partial reinforcement schedules on associative learning, memory and extinction in Lymnaea stagnalis
J. Exp. Biol., April 15, 2002; 205(8): 1171 - 1178.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. Smyth, S. Sangha, and K. Lukowiak
Gone but not forgotten: the lingering effects of intermediate-term memory on the persistence of long-term memory
J. Exp. Biol., January 1, 2002; 205(1): 131 - 140.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Nargeot
Long-Lasting Reconfiguration of Two Interacting Networks by a Cooperation of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Plasticity
J. Neurosci., May 1, 2001; 21(9): 3282 - 3294.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Haney and K. Lukowiak
Context Learning and the Effect of Context on Memory Retrieval in Lymnaea
Learn. Mem., January 1, 2001; 8(1): 35 - 43.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
P. R. Benjamin, K. Staras, and G. Kemenes
A Systems Approach to the Cellular Analysis of Associative Learning in the Pond Snail Lymnaea
Learn. Mem., May 1, 2000; 7(3): 124 - 131.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
K. Lukowiak, N. Adatia, D. Krygier, and N. Syed
Operant Conditioning in Lymnaea: Evidence for Intermediate- and Long-term Memory
Learn. Mem., May 1, 2000; 7(3): 140 - 150.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
B. Brembs and M. Heisenberg
The Operant and the Classical in Conditioned Orientation of Drosophila melanogaster at the Flight Simulator
Learn. Mem., March 1, 2000; 7(2): 104 - 115.
[Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|