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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 1999, 19(6):1976-1987
Mechanisms of Calcium Influx into Hippocampal Spines: Heterogeneity among Spines, Coincidence Detection by NMDA Receptors, and Optical Quantal Analysis
Rafael Yuste1, Ania Majewska1, Sydney S. Cash1, and Winfried Denk2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, and 2 Biological Computation Research Department, Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
Dendritic spines receive most excitatory inputs in the vertebrate brain, but their function is still poorly understood. Using two-photon calcium imaging of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices, we investigated the mechanisms by which calcium enters into individual spines in the stratum radiatum. We find three different pathways for calcium influx: high-threshold voltage-sensitive calcium channels, NMDA receptors, and an APV-resistant influx consistent with calcium-permeable AMPA or kainate receptors. These pathways vary among different populations of spines and are engaged under different stimulation conditions, with peak calcium concentrations reaching >10 µM. Furthermore, as a result of the biophysical properties of the NMDA receptor, the calcium dynamics of spines are exquisitely sensitive to the temporal coincidence of the input and output of the neuron. Our results confirm that individual spines are chemical compartments that can perform coincidence detection. Finally, we demonstrate that functional studies and optical quantal analysis of single, identified synapses is feasible in mammalian CNS neurons in brain slices.
Key words: dendrites; spines; quantal; calcium; NMDA; hippocampus; two-photon microscopy
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1961976-12$05.00/0
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