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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 1999, 19(6):2037-2050
GABA- and Glutamate-Activated Channels in Green Fluorescent
Protein-Tagged Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Transgenic
Mice
Daniel J.
Spergel,
Ulrich
Krüth,
Daniel F.
Hanley,
Rolf
Sprengel, and
Peter H.
Seeburg
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for
Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Mice were generated expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)
under the control of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) promoter. Green fluorescence was observed in, and restricted to, GnRH-immunopositive neuronal somata in the olfactory bulb, ganglion terminale, septal nuclei, diagonal band of Broca (DBB), preoptic area
(POA), and caudal hypothalamus, as well as GnRH neuronal dendrites and
axons, including axon terminals in the median eminence and organum
vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Whole-cell recordings from
GFP-expressing GnRH neurons in the OVLT-POA-DBB region revealed a
firing pattern among GFP-expressing GnRH neurons distinct from that of
nonfluorescent neurons. Nucleated patches of GFP-expressing GnRH
neurons exhibited pronounced responses to fast application of
GABA and smaller responses to L-glutamate and AMPA.
One-fifth of the nucleated patches responded to NMDA. The GABA-A, AMPA,
and NMDA receptor channels on GnRH neurons mediating these responses
may play a role in the modulation of GnRH secretory oscillations.
Key words:
diagonal band of Broca; GABA; GFP; glutamate; GnRH; hypothalamus; median eminence; organum vasculosum of the lamina
terminalis; preoptic area; transgenic mice
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1962037-14$05.00/0
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R. A. DeFazio, S. Heger, S. R. Ojeda, and S. M. Moenter
Activation of A-Type {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors Excites Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons
Mol. Endocrinol.,
December 1, 2002;
16(12):
2872 - 2891.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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R. A. DeFazio and S. M. Moenter
Estradiol Feedback Alters Potassium Currents and Firing Properties of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons
Mol. Endocrinol.,
October 1, 2002;
16(10):
2255 - 2265.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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C. S. Nunemaker, R. A. DeFazio, and S. M. Moenter
Estradiol-Sensitive Afferents Modulate Long-Term Episodic Firing Patterns of GnRH Neurons
Endocrinology,
June 1, 2002;
143(6):
2284 - 2292.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. L. Jackson and D. Kuehl
The GABAB Antagonist CGP 52432 Attenuates the Stimulatory Effect of the GABAB Agonist SKF 97541 on Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Male Sheep
Experimental Biology and Medicine,
May 1, 2002;
227(5):
315 - 320.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. A. Lawson, L. A. Macconell, J. Kim, B. T. Powl, S. B. Nelson, and P. L. Mellon
Neuron-Specific Expression in Vivo by Defined Transcription Regulatory Elements of the GnRH Gene
Endocrinology,
April 1, 2002;
143(4):
1404 - 1412.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S.-K. Han, I. M. Abraham, and A. E. Herbison
Effect of GABA on GnRH Neurons Switches from Depolarization to Hyperpolarization at Puberty in the Female Mouse
Endocrinology,
April 1, 2002;
143(4):
1459 - 1466.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. C. Kuehl-Kovarik, W. A. Pouliot, G. L. Halterman, R. J. Handa, F. E. Dudek, and K. M. Partin
Episodic Bursting Activity and Response to Excitatory Amino Acids in Acutely Dissociated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Genetically Targeted with Green Fluorescent Protein
J. Neurosci.,
March 15, 2002;
22(6):
2313 - 2322.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B.-J. Zhang, K. Kusano, P. Zerfas, A. Iacangelo, W. S. Young III, and H. Gainer
Targeting of Green Fluorescent Protein to Secretory Granules in Oxytocin Magnocellular Neurons and Its Secretion from Neurohypophysial Nerve Terminals in Transgenic Mice
Endocrinology,
March 1, 2002;
143(3):
1036 - 1046.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. A. Sim, M. J. Skynner, and A. E. Herbison
Direct Regulation of Postnatal GnRH Neurons by the Progesterone Derivative Allopregnanolone in the Mouse
Endocrinology,
October 1, 2001;
142(10):
4448 - 4453.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. S. Nunemaker, R. A. DeFazio, M. E. Geusz, E. D. Herzog, G. R. Pitts, and S. M. Moenter
Long-Term Recordings of Networks of Immortalized GnRH Neurons Reveal Episodic Patterns of Electrical Activity
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2001;
86(1):
86 - 93.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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G. R. Pitts, C. S. Nunemaker, and S. M. Moenter
Cycles of Transcription and Translation Do Not Comprise the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator in GT1 Cells
Endocrinology,
May 1, 2001;
142(5):
1858 - 1864.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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M. Bilger, S. Heger, D. W. Brann, A. Paredes, and S. R. Ojeda
A Conditional Tetracycline-Regulated Increase in Gamma Amino Butyric Acid Production near Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Nerve Terminals Disrupts Estrous Cyclicity in the Rat
Endocrinology,
May 1, 2001;
142(5):
2102 - 2114.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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H. E. Krestel, M. Mayford, P. H. Seeburg, and R. Sprengel
A GFP-equipped bidirectional expression module well suited for monitoring tetracycline-regulated gene expression in mouse
Nucleic Acids Res.,
April 1, 2001;
29(7):
e39 - e39.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. A. Sim, M. J. Skynner, and A. E. Herbison
Heterogeneity in the Basic Membrane Properties of Postnatal Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Mouse
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 2001;
21(3):
1067 - 1075.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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A. P. LeBeau, F. Van Goor, S. S. Stojilkovic, and A. Sherman
Modeling of Membrane Excitability in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Secreting Hypothalamic Neurons Regulated by Ca2+-Mobilizing and Adenylyl Cyclase-Coupled Receptors
J. Neurosci.,
December 15, 2000;
20(24):
9290 - 9297.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. Magoulas, L. McGuinness, N. Balthasar, D. F. Carmignac, A. K. Sesay, K. E. Mathers, H. Christian, L. Candeil, X. Bonnefont, P. Mollard, et al.
A Secreted Fluorescent Reporter Targeted to Pituitary Growth Hormone Cells in Transgenic Mice
Endocrinology,
December 1, 2000;
141(12):
4681 - 4689.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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K. J. Suter, J.-P. Wuarin, B. N. Smith, F. E. Dudek, and S. M. Moenter
Whole-Cell Recordings from Preoptic/Hypothalamic Slices Reveal Burst Firing in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Identified with Green Fluorescent Protein in Transgenic Mice
Endocrinology,
October 1, 2000;
141(10):
3731 - 3736.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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B. N. Smith, B. W. Banfield, C. A. Smeraski, C. L. Wilcox, F. E. Dudek, L. W. Enquist, and G. E. Pickard
Pseudorabies virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein: A tool for in vitro electrophysiological analysis of transsynaptically labeled neurons in identified central nervous system circuits
PNAS,
August 1, 2000;
97(16):
9264 - 9269.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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K. J. Suter, W. J. Song, T. L. Sampson, J.-P. Wuarin, J. T. Saunders, F. E. Dudek, and S. M. Moenter
Genetic Targeting of Green Fluorescent Protein to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons: Characterization of Whole-Cell Electrophysiological Properties and Morphology
Endocrinology,
January 1, 2000;
141(1):
412 - 419.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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