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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1, 1999, 19(7):2455-2463

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mediates Estrogen Neuroprotection after Glutamate Toxicity in Primary Cortical Neurons

Cherie A. Singer1, Xavier A. Figueroa-Masot3, Robert H. Batchelor1, and Daniel M. Dorsa1, 2

Departments of 1 Pharmacology and 2 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and 3 Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195

Pharmacological and biochemical approaches were used to elucidate the involvement of growth factor signaling pathways mediating estrogen neuroprotection in primary cortical neurons after glutamate excitotoxicity. We addressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which are activated by growth factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF). Inhibition of MAPK signaling with the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 blocks both NGF and estrogen neuroprotection in these neurons. These results correlate with a rapid and sustained increase in MAPK activity within 30 min of estrogen exposure. The involvement of signaling molecules upstream from MAPK was also examined to determine whether activation of MAPK by estrogen is mediated by tyrosine kinase activity. Estrogen produces a rapid, transient activation of src-family tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation of p21ras-guanine nucleotide activating protein. Effects of estrogen on neuroprotection, as well as rapid activation of tyrosine kinase and MAPK activity, are blocked by the anti-estrogen ICI 182,780. This provides evidence that activation of the MAPK pathway by estrogen participates in mediating neuroprotection via an estrogen receptor. These results describe a novel mechanism by which cytoplasmic actions of the estrogen receptor may activate the MAPK pathway, thus broadening the understanding of effects of estrogen in neurons.

Key words: estrogen; MAPK; neuroprotection; growth factors; excitotoxicity; src; GAP

Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/1972455-09$05.00/0


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