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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1, 1999, 19(7):2740-2754
Role of Primate Superior Colliculus in Preparation and Execution of Anti-Saccades and Pro-Saccades
Stefan Everling1, Michael C. Dorris1, Raymond M. Klein2, and Douglas P. Munoz1 1 Medical Research Council Group in Sensory-Motor Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6, and 2 Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4J1
We investigated how the brain switches between the preparation of a movement where a stimulus is the target of the movement, and a movement where a stimulus serves as a landmark for an instructed movement elsewhere. Monkeys were trained on a pro-/anti-saccade paradigm in which they either had to generate a pro-saccade toward a visual stimulus or an anti-saccade away from the stimulus to its mirror position, depending on the color of an initial fixation point. Neural activity was recorded in the superior colliculus (SC), a structure that is known to be involved in the generation of fast saccades, to determine whether it was also involved in the generation of anti-saccades. On anti-saccade trials, fixation during the instruction period was associated with an increased activity of collicular fixation-related neurons and a decreased activity of saccade-related neurons. Stimulus-related and saccade-related activity was reduced on anti-saccade trials. Our results demonstrate that the anti-saccade task involves (and may require) the attenuation of preparatory and stimulus-related activity in the SC to avoid unwanted pro-saccades. Because the attenuated pre-saccade activity that we found in the SC may be insufficient by itself to elicit correct anti-saccades, additional movement signals from other brain areas are presumably required.
Key words: superior colliculus; eye movement; anti-saccade; stimulus-response mapping; sensorimotor transformation; oculomotor; motor preparation; saccade; visual fixation
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1972740-15$05.00/0
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