 |
Previous Article | Next Article 
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1999, 19(8):2987-2995
Cannabinoids and Neuroprotection in Global and Focal Cerebral
Ischemia and in Neuronal Cultures
Tetsuya
Nagayama1,
Amy
D.
Sinor1, 2,
Roger P.
Simon1,
Jun
Chen1,
Steven H.
Graham1,
Kunlin
Jin1, and
David A.
Greenberg1, 2
Departments of 1 Neurology and
2 Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Marijuana and related drugs (cannabinoids) have been
proposed as treatments for a widening spectrum of medical disorders. R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-yl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate (R(+)-WIN 55212-2), a synthetic
cannabinoid agonist, decreased hippocampal neuronal loss
after transient global cerebral ischemia and reduced infarct volume
after permanent focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral
artery occlusion in rats. The less active enantiomer
S( )-WIN 55212-3 was ineffective,
and the protective effect of R(+)-WIN
55212-2 was blocked by the specific central cannabinoid
(CB1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist
N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-hydrochloride. R(+)-WIN 55212-2 also protected cultured
cerebral cortical neurons from in vitro hypoxia and
glucose deprivation, but in contrast to the receptor-mediated
neuroprotection observed in vivo, this in
vitro effect was not stereoselective and was insensitive to CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. Cannabinoids
may have therapeutic potential in disorders resulting from cerebral
ischemia, including stroke, and may protect neurons from injury through
a variety of mechanisms.
Key words:
cannabinoid; ischemia; stroke; glutamate; excitotoxicity; infarct; neuronal culture
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1982987-09$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Kano, T. Ohno-Shosaku, Y. Hashimotodani, M. Uchigashima, and M. Watanabe
Endocannabinoid-Mediated Control of Synaptic Transmission
Physiol Rev,
January 1, 2009;
89(1):
309 - 380.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. J. Kim, J. J. Waataja, and S. A. Thayer
Cannabinoids Inhibit Network-Driven Synapse Loss between Hippocampal Neurons in Culture
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
June 1, 2008;
325(3):
850 - 858.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ludanyi, L. Eross, S. Czirjak, J. Vajda, P. Halasz, M. Watanabe, M. Palkovits, Z. Magloczky, T. F. Freund, and I. Katona
Downregulation of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Related Molecular Elements of the Endocannabinoid System in Epileptic Human Hippocampus
J. Neurosci.,
March 19, 2008;
28(12):
2976 - 2990.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Papathanasopoulos, L. Messinis, E. Lyros, A. Kastellakis, and G. Panagis
Multiple Sclerosis, Cannabinoids, and Cognition
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci,
February 1, 2008;
20(1):
36 - 51.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. P. Obrenovitch
Molecular Physiology of Preconditioning-Induced Brain Tolerance to Ischemia
Physiol Rev,
January 1, 2008;
88(1):
211 - 247.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. A. Karanian, S. L. Karim, J. T. Wood, J. S. Williams, S. Lin, A. Makriyannis, and B. A. Bahr
Endocannabinoid Enhancement Protects against Kainic Acid-Induced Seizures and Associated Brain Damage
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
September 1, 2007;
322(3):
1059 - 1066.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Cao, J. Xing, X. Xiao, A. K. F. Liou, Y. Gao, X.-M. Yin, R. S. B. Clark, S. H. Graham, and J. Chen
Critical Role of Calpain I in Mitochondrial Release of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor in Ischemic Neuronal Injury
J. Neurosci.,
August 29, 2007;
27(35):
9278 - 9293.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Aguado, E. Romero, K. Monory, J. Palazuelos, M. Sendtner, G. Marsicano, B. Lutz, M. Guzman, and I. Galve-Roperh
The CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Mediates Excitotoxicity-induced Neural Progenitor Proliferation and Neurogenesis
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 17, 2007;
282(33):
23892 - 23898.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Batkai, D. Osei-Hyiaman, H. Pan, O. El-Assal, M. Rajesh, P. Mukhopadhyay, F. Hong, J. Harvey-White, A. Jafri, G. Hasko, et al.
Cannabinoid-2 receptor mediates protection against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
FASEB J,
June 1, 2007;
21(8):
1788 - 1800.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Galve-Roperh, T. Aguado, J. Palazuelos, and M. Guzman
The Endocannabinoid System and Neurogenesis in Health and Disease
Neuroscientist,
April 1, 2007;
13(2):
109 - 114.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. H. Kim, S. J. Won, X. O. Mao, C. Ledent, K. Jin, and D. A. Greenberg
Role for Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase in Cannabinoid-Induced Neurogenesis
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
October 1, 2006;
319(1):
150 - 154.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Pacher, S. Batkai, and G. Kunos
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacol. Rev.,
September 1, 2006;
58(3):
389 - 462.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. G. Bilsland, J. R. T. Dick, G. Pryce, S. Petrosino, V. Di Marzo, D. Baker, and L. Greensmith
Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice
FASEB J,
May 1, 2006;
20(7):
1003 - 1005.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Witting, L. Chen, E. Cudaback, A. Straiker, L. Walter, B. Rickman, T. Moller, C. Brosnan, and N. Stella
From the Cover: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disrupts endocannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection
PNAS,
April 18, 2006;
103(16):
6362 - 6367.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Shohami and R. Mechoulam
Multiple sclerosis may disrupt endocannabinoid brain protection mechanism
PNAS,
April 18, 2006;
103(16):
6087 - 6088.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. H. Kim, S. J. Won, X. O. Mao, K. Jin, and D. A. Greenberg
Molecular Mechanisms of Cannabinoid Protection from Neuronal Excitotoxicity
Mol. Pharmacol.,
March 1, 2006;
69(3):
691 - 696.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. A. Karanian, Q. B. Brown, A. Makriyannis, T. A. Kosten, and B. A. Bahr
Dual Modulation of Endocannabinoid Transport and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Protects against Excitotoxicity
J. Neurosci.,
August 24, 2005;
25(34):
7813 - 7820.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. J. Rademacher, S. Patel, W.-S. V. Ho, A. M. Savoie, N. J. Rusch, K. M. Gauthier, and C. J. Hillard
U-46619 but not serotonin increases endocannabinoid content in middle cerebral artery: evidence for functional relevance
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
June 1, 2005;
288(6):
H2694 - H2701.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. H. Kim, S. J. Won, X. O. Mao, K. Jin, and D. A. Greenberg
Involvement of Protein Kinase A in Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated Protection from Oxidative Neuronal Injury
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
April 1, 2005;
313(1):
88 - 94.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. G. Ramirez, C. Blazquez, T. G. del Pulgar, M. Guzman, and M. L. de Ceballos
Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Cannabinoids: Neuroprotection Mediated by Blockade of Microglial Activation
J. Neurosci.,
February 23, 2005;
25(8):
1904 - 1913.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Jin, L. Xie, S. H. Kim, S. Parmentier-Batteur, Y. Sun, X. O. Mao, J. Childs, and D. A. Greenberg
Defective Adult Neurogenesis in CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Knockout Mice
Mol. Pharmacol.,
August 1, 2004;
66(2):
204 - 208.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Geller, L. Loftis, and D. S. Brink
Cerebellar Infarction in Adolescent Males Associated With Acute Marijuana Use
Pediatrics,
April 1, 2004;
113(4):
e365 - e370.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Amtmann, P. Weydt, K. L. Johnson, M. P. Jensen, and G. T. Carter
Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine,
March 1, 2004;
21(2):
95 - 104.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. B. El-Remessy, I. E. Khalil, S. Matragoon, G. Abou-Mohamed, N.-J. Tsai, P. Roon, R. B. Caldwell, R. W. Caldwell, K. Green, and G. I. Liou
Neuroprotective Effect of(-){Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Induced Retinal Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Peroxynitrite
Am. J. Pathol.,
November 1, 2003;
163(5):
1997 - 2008.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Pryce, Z. Ahmed, D. J. R. Hankey, S. J. Jackson, J. L. Croxford, J. M. Pocock, C. Ledent, A. Petzold, A. J. Thompson, G. Giovannoni, et al.
Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis
Brain,
October 1, 2003;
126(10):
2191 - 2202.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Franklin, S. Parmentier-Batteur, L. Walter, D. A. Greenberg, and N. Stella
Palmitoylethanolamide Increases after Focal Cerebral Ischemia and Potentiates Microglial Cell Motility
J. Neurosci.,
August 27, 2003;
23(21):
7767 - 7775.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. R. Leker, N. Gai, R. Mechoulam, and H. Ovadia
Drug-Induced Hypothermia Reduces Ischemic Damage: Effects of the Cannabinoid HU-210
Stroke,
August 1, 2003;
34(8):
2000 - 2006.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Molina-Holgado, E. Pinteaux, J. D. Moore, E. Molina-Holgado, C. Guaza, R. M. Gibson, and N. J. Rothwell
Endogenous Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Mediates Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Actions of Cannabinoids in Neurons and Glia
J. Neurosci.,
July 23, 2003;
23(16):
6470 - 6474.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. B. Veldhuis, M. van der Stelt, M. W. Wadman, G. van Zadelhoff, M. Maccarrone, F. Fezza, G. A. Veldink, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, P. R. Bar, K. Nicolay, et al.
Neuroprotection by the Endogenous Cannabinoid Anandamide and Arvanil against In Vivo Excitotoxicity in the Rat: Role of Vanilloid Receptors and Lipoxygenases
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 2003;
23(10):
4127 - 4133.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Molina-Holgado, J. M. Vela, A. Arevalo-Martin, G. Almazan, F. Molina-Holgado, J. Borrell, and C. Guaza
Cannabinoids Promote Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Survival: Involvement of Cannabinoid Receptors and Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase/Akt Signaling
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2002;
22(22):
9742 - 9753.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Parmentier-Batteur, K. Jin, X. O. Mao, L. Xie, and D. A. Greenberg
Increased Severity of Stroke in CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Knock-Out Mice
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2002;
22(22):
9771 - 9775.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Parmentier-Batteur, K. Jin, L. Xie, X. O. Mao, and D. A. Greenberg
DNA Microarray Analysis of Cannabinoid Signaling in Mouse Brain in Vivo
Mol. Pharmacol.,
October 1, 2002;
62(4):
828 - 835.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Gomez del Pulgar, M. L. de Ceballos, M. Guzman, and G. Velasco
Cannabinoids Protect Astrocytes from Ceramide-induced Apoptosis through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway
J. Biol. Chem.,
September 20, 2002;
277(39):
36527 - 36533.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W.-R. Schabitz, A. Giuffrida, C. Berger, A. Aschoff, M. Schwaninger, S. Schwab, and D. Piomelli
Release of Fatty Acid Amides in a Patient With Hemispheric Stroke: A Microdialysis Study
Stroke,
August 1, 2002;
33(8):
2112 - 2114.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Mauler, J. Mittendorf, E. Horvath, and J. de Vry
Characterization of the Diarylether Sulfonylester (-)-(R)-3-(2-Hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) as a Potent Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist with Neuroprotective Properties
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
July 1, 2002;
302(1):
359 - 368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Mechoulam, M. Spatz, and E. Shohami
Endocannabinoids and Neuroprotection
Sci. Signal.,
April 23, 2002;
2002(129):
re5 - re5.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. van der Stelt, W. B. Veldhuis, G. W. van Haaften, F. Fezza, T. Bisogno, P. R. Bar, G. A. Veldink, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, V. Di Marzo, and K. Nicolay
Exogenous Anandamide Protects Rat Brain against Acute Neuronal Injury In Vivo
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2001;
21(22):
8765 - 8771.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. van der Stelt, W. B. Veldhuis, P. R. Bar, G. A. Veldink, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, and K. Nicolay
Neuroprotection by {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Main Active Compound in Marijuana, against Ouabain-Induced In Vivo Excitotoxicity
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 2001;
21(17):
6475 - 6479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. T. Carter and B. S. Rosen
Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine,
July 1, 2001;
18(4):
264 - 270.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Cao, W. Pei, J. Lan, R. A. Stetler, Y. Luo, T. Nagayama, S. H. Graham, X.-M. Yin, R. P. Simon, and J. Chen
Caspase-Activated DNase/DNA Fragmentation Factor 40 Mediates Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation in Transient Cerebral Ischemia and in Neuronal Cultures
J. Neurosci.,
July 1, 2001;
21(13):
4678 - 4690.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Moesgaard, G. Petersen, J. W. Jaroszewski, and H. S. Hansen
Age dependent accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in ischemic rat brain: a 31P NMR and enzyme activity study
J. Lipid Res.,
June 1, 2000;
41(6):
985 - 990.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|
|