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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1999, 19(8):3050-3056
Mandarin and English Single Word Processing Studied with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Michael W. L. Chee1, Edsel W. L. Tan1, and Thorsten Thiel2 1 Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore, and 2 MR-Tomography, Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
The cortical organization of language in bilinguals remains disputed. We studied 24 right-handed fluent bilinguals: 15 exposed to both Mandarin and English before the age of 6 years; and nine exposed to Mandarin in early childhood but English only after the age of 12 years. Blood oxygen level-dependent contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed while subjects performed cued word generation in each language. Fixation was the control task. In both languages, activations were present in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal regions, and the supplementary motor area. Activations in the prefrontal region were compared by (1) locating peak activations and (2) counting the number of voxels that exceeded a statistical threshold. Although there were differences in the magnitude of activation between the pair of languages, no subject showed significant differences in peak-location or hemispheric asymmetry of activations in the prefrontal language areas. Early and late bilinguals showed a similar pattern of overlapping activations. There are no significant differences in the cortical areas activated for both Mandarin and English at the single word level, irrespective of age of acquisition of either language.
Key words: bilingualism; functional magnetic resonance imaging; brain mapping; English-Chinese comparison; visual word processing; language
Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/99/1983050-07$05.00/0
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