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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 1999, 19(9):3649-3655

Upregulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor  Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier after Acute Compressive Spinal Cord Injury

Weihong Pan¹, Abba J. Kastin^{2, 3}, Richard L. Bell³, and Richard D. Olson³

Departments of ¹ Neurology and ²  Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, and ³ Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148

Tumor necrosis factor  (TNF) is a cytokine that is involved in the inflammatory process after CNS injury and is implicated in neuroregeneration. A saturable transport system for TNF located at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for the limited entry of TNF from blood to the CNS in normal mice.

After partial disruption of the BBB by compression of the lumbar spinal cord, permeability to TNF was increased not only in the lumbar spinal cord but also in brain and distal spinal cord segments, where the BBB remained intact. The increase in the entry of TNF to the CNS followed a biphasic temporal pattern, with a first peak immediately after injury and a second peak starting on day 3; these changes lasted longer than the mere disruption of the BBB. The increased entry of TNF was abolished by addition of excess unlabeled TNF, showing that the transport system for TNF remained saturable after spinal cord injury (SCI) and providing evidence that the enhanced entry of TNF could not be explained by diffusion or leakage.

This study adds strong support for our concept that the saturable transport system for TNF across the BBB can be upregulated in the diseased state, and it suggests that the BBB is actively involved in the modulation of the processes of degeneration and regeneration after SCI.

Key words: TNF; SCI; BBB; transport system; CNS; neuroregeneration; upregulation

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Copyright © 1999 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/99/1993649-07$05.00/0

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W. Pan, C. Yu, H. Hsuchou, Y. Zhang, and A. J. Kastin Neuroinflammation facilitates LIF entry into brain: role of TNF Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): C1436 - C1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Osburg, C. Peiser, D. Domling, L. Schomburg, Y. T. Ko, K. Voigt, and U. Bickel Effect of endotoxin on expression of TNF receptors and transport of TNF-alpha at the blood-brain barrier of the rat Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2002; 283(5): E899 - E908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Pan, G. Cornelissen, F. Halberg, and A. J. Kastin Functional Genomics of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm: Selected Contribution: Circadian rhythm of tumor necrosis factor-alpha uptake into mouse spinal cord J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2002; 92(3): 1357 - 1362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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