 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 2, 17-31, Copyright © 1982 by Society for Neuroscience
Encoding of target range and its representation in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat
WE O'Neill and N Suga
The time course of acoustic events is a critical element for the
recognition of biologically meaningful sounds. Echolocating bats analyze
the time intervals between their emitted biosonar pulses and the echoes
returning from objects to assess target distance (range). In this study, we
have explored the auditory cortex of the mustached bat, Pteronotus
parnellii rubiginosus, using pairs of acoustic stimuli mimicking the
multiharmonic biosonar signals (pulses) used by this species and their
echoes. A discrete field of auditory cortex dorsorostral to the
tonotopically organized primary field contains neurons which are
insensitive to pure tone, frequency-modulated (FM), or noise stimuli
presented singly. Rather, they respond strongly to pairs of stimuli,
specifically, the fundamental FM component of the pulse paired with an FM
component of one of the higher harmonics of the echo. We call these neurons
FM1-FMn facilitation neurons. There are three separate longitudinal
clusters in this cortical area containing FM1-FM2, FM1-FM3, and FM1-FM4
neurons, respectively. Moreover, FM1-FMn neurons are specifically sensitive
to the time delay between the two FM components, i.e., the time delay of
the echo from the pulse. Thus, they can decode target range. Two types of
delay-sensitive neurons were found. Tracking neurons, whose response to
echo delay varied according to repetition rate and stimulus duration, were
found rarely. Delay- tuned neurons, which were tuned to specific time
delays (best delays) of the echo from the pulse, were much more evident.
Both types of neurons are organized into columns with similar best delays,
and the best delay of delay-tuned neurons was found to increase
systematically along the cortical surface in the rostrocaudal direction.
This area, therefore, contains a neural representation of target range
along this best delay axis. Such an axis exists in each of the clusters of
FM1- FM2, FM1-FM3, and FM1-FM4 neurons. This is a new type of cortical
organization which is not tonotopic but which represents an important
acoustic cue related to the time course of acoustic events.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
J. Tang and N. Suga
Modulation of auditory processing by cortico-cortical feed-forward and feedback projections
PNAS,
May 27, 2008;
105(21):
7600 - 7605.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tang, Z. Xiao, and N. Suga
Bilateral Cortical Interaction: Modulation of Delay-Tuned Neurons in the Contralateral Auditory Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
August 1, 2007;
27(31):
8405 - 8413.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nataraj and J. J. Wenstrup
Roles of Inhibition in Complex Auditory Responses in the Inferior Colliculus: Inhibited Combination-Sensitive Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2006;
95(4):
2179 - 2192.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Marsh, K. Nataraj, D. Gans, C. V. Portfors, and J. J. Wenstrup
Auditory Responses in the Cochlear Nucleus of Awake Mustached Bats: Precursors to Spectral Integration in the Auditory Midbrain
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2006;
95(1):
88 - 105.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Bartlett and X. Wang
Long-Lasting Modulation by Stimulus Context in Primate Auditory Cortex
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2005;
94(1):
83 - 104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Galazyuk, W. Lin, D. Llano, and A. S. Feng
Leading Inhibition to Neural Oscillation Is Important for Time-Domain Processing in the Auditory Midbrain
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2005;
94(1):
314 - 326.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Smotherman and W. Metzner
Auditory-Feedback Control of Temporal Call Patterns in Echolocating Horseshoe Bats
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2005;
93(3):
1295 - 1303.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xiao and N. Suga
Reorganization of the auditory cortex specialized for echo-delay processing in the mustached bat
PNAS,
February 10, 2004;
101(6):
1769 - 1774.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xiao and N. Suga
Reorganization of the cochleotopic map in the bat's auditory system by inhibition
PNAS,
November 26, 2002;
99(24):
15743 - 15748.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. O'Neill and W. O. Brimijoin
Directional Selectivity for FM Sweeps in the Suprageniculate Nucleus of the Mustached Bat Medial Geniculate Body
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2002;
88(1):
172 - 187.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Sanderson and J. A. Simmons
Selectivity for Echo Spectral Interference and Delay in the Auditory Cortex of the Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 2002;
87(6):
2823 - 2834.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Ma and N. Suga
Corticofugal modulation of duration-tuned neurons in the midbrain auditory nucleus in bats
PNAS,
November 9, 2001;
(2001)
241517098.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sakai and N. Suga
Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices
PNAS,
March 1, 2001;
(2001)
61021698.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Leroy and J. J. Wenstrup
Spectral Integration in the Inferior Colliculus of the Mustached Bat
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2000;
20(22):
8533 - 8541.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zhang and N. Suga
Modulation of Responses and Frequency Tuning of Thalamic and Collicular Neurons by Cortical Activation in Mustached Bats
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2000;
84(1):
325 - 333.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Sanderson and J. A. Simmons
Neural Responses to Overlapping FM Sounds in the Inferior Colliculus of Echolocating Bats
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2000;
83(4):
1840 - 1855.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Wenstrup
Frequency Organization and Responses to Complex Sounds in the Medial Geniculate Body of the Mustached Bat
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 1999;
82(5):
2528 - 2544.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. V. Portfors and J. J. Wenstrup
Delay-Tuned Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Mustached Bat: Implications for Analyses of Target Distance
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 1999;
82(3):
1326 - 1338.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Razak, Z. M. Fuzessery, and T. D. Lohuis
Single Cortical Neurons Serve Both Echolocation and Passive Sound Localization
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 1999;
81(3):
1438 - 1442.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Paydar, C. A. Doan, and G. A. Jacobs
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in the Cricket Cercal Sensory System
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 1999;
19(5):
1771 - 1781.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yan and N. Suga
Corticofugal Amplification of Facilitative Auditory Responses of Subcortical Combination-Sensitive Neurons in the Mustached Bat
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 1999;
81(2):
817 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Burger and G. D. Pollak
Analysis of the Role of Inhibition in Shaping Responses to Sinusoidally Amplitude-Modulated Signals in the Inferior Colliculus
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 1998;
80(4):
1686 - 1701.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Wilson and W. E. O'Neill
Auditory Motion Induces Directionally Dependent Receptive Field Shifts in Inferior Colliculus Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 1998;
79(4):
2040 - 2062.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Heil
Auditory Cortical Onset Responses Revisited. I. First-Spike Timing
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 1997;
77(5):
2616 - 2641.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. E. Valentine and C. F. Moss
Spatially Selective Auditory Responses in the Superior Colliculus of the Echolocating Bat
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 1997;
17(5):
1720 - 1733.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sakai and N. Suga
Plasticity of the cochleotopic (frequency) map in specialized and nonspecialized auditory cortices
PNAS,
March 13, 2001;
98(6):
3507 - 3512.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Ma and N. Suga
Corticofugal modulation of duration-tuned neurons in the midbrain auditory nucleus in bats
PNAS,
November 20, 2001;
98(24):
14060 - 14065.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Wenstrup and S. A. Leroy
Spectral Integration in the Inferior Colliculus: Role of Glycinergic Inhibition in Response Facilitation
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 2001;
21(3):
RC124 - RC124.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
