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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 2, 32-48, Copyright © 1982 by Society for Neuroscience
Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex
EL Bienenstock, LN Cooper and PW Munro
The development of stimulus selectivity in the primary sensory cortex of
higher vertebrates is considered in a general mathematical framework. A
synaptic evolution scheme of a new kind is proposed in which incoming
patterns rather than converging afferents compete. The change in the
efficacy of a given synapse depends not only on instantaneous pre- and
postsynaptic activities but also on a slowly varying time-averaged value of
the postsynaptic activity. Assuming an appropriate nonlinear form for this
dependence, development of selectivity is obtained under quite general
conditions on the sensory environment. One does not require nonlinearity of
the neuron's integrative power nor does one need to assume any particular
form for intracortical circuitry. This is first illustrated in simple
cases, e.g., when the environment consists of only two different stimuli
presented alternately in a random manner. The following formal statement
then holds: the state of the system converges with probability 1 to points
of maximum selectivity in the state space. We next consider the problem of
early development of orientation selectivity and binocular interaction in
primary visual cortex. Giving the environment an appropriate form, we
obtain orientation tuning curves and ocular dominance comparable to what is
observed in normally reared adult cats or monkeys. Simulations with
binocular input and various types of normal or altered environments show
good agreement with the relevant experimental data. Experiments are
suggested that could test our theory further.
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