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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 2000, 20(1):22-33
Distinct Roles of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors
in Excitotoxicity
Rita
Sattler1,
Zhigang
Xiong2,
Wei-Yang
Lu2,
John F.
MacDonald2, and
Michael
Tymianski1
1 Toronto Western Hospital Neurosciences Institute,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T-2S8, Canada, and
2 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Excitatory synaptic activity governs excitotoxicity and modulates
the distribution of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) among synaptic and
extrasynaptic sites of central neurons. We investigated whether NMDAR
localization was functionally linked to excitotoxicity by perturbing
F-actin, a cytoskeletal protein that participates in targeting synaptic
NMDARs in dendritic spines. Depolymerizing F-actin did not affect
NMDA-evoked whole-cell currents. However, the number of dendritic NMDAR
clusters and the NMDAR-mediated component of miniature spontaneous
EPSCs were reduced, whereas the number of AMPA receptor clusters and
AMPA receptor-mediated component of EPSCs was unchanged. This selective
perturbation of synaptically activated NMDARs had no effect on neuronal
death or the accumulation of 45Ca2+
evoked by applying exogenous NMDA or L-glutamate, which
reach both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. However, it increased survival and decreased 45Ca2+
accumulation in neurons exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation, which
causes excitotoxicity by glutamate release at synapses. Thus,
synaptically and extrasynaptically activated NMDARs are equally capable
of excitotoxicity. However, their relative contributions vary with the
location of extracellular excitotoxin accumulation, a factor governed
by the mechanism of extracellular neurotransmitter accumulation, not
the synaptic activation of NMDARs.
Key words:
NMDA receptors; actin filament; latrunculin A; cytochalasin D; excitotoxicity; oxygen glucose deprivation; cortical
neurons
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/0/20122-12$05.00/0
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