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Cellular Mechanisms of Long-Lasting Adaptation in Visual Cortical
Neurons In Vitro
Maria V.
Sanchez-Vives,
Lionel G.
Nowak, and
David A.
McCormick
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut 06510
The cellular mechanisms of spike-frequency adaptation during
prolonged discharges and of the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that
follows, as occur in vivo with contrast adaptation, were investigated with intracellular recordings of cortical neurons in
slices of ferret primary visual cortex. Intracellular injection of 2 Hz
sinusoidal or constant currents for 20 sec resulted in a slow ( = 1-10 sec) spike-frequency adaptation, the degree of which varied
widely among neurons. Reducing either
[Ca2+]o or
[Na+]o reduced the rate of
spike-frequency adaptation. After the prolonged discharge was a slow
(12-75 sec) AHP that was associated with an increase in membrane
conductance and a rightward shift in the discharge frequency versus
injected current relationship. The reversal potential of the slow AHP
was sensitive to changes in [K+]o, indicating that it was
mediated by a K+ current. Blockade of transmembrane
Ca2+ conductances did not reduce the slow AHP. In
contrast, reductions of [Na+]o reduced
the slow AHP, even in the presence of pronounced
Ca2+ spikes. We suggest that the activation of
Na+-activated and Ca2+-activated
K+ currents plays an important role in prolonged
spike-frequency adaptation and therefore may contribute to contrast
adaptation and other forms of adaptation in the visual system in
vivo.
Key words:
plasticity; vision; K+ currents; pyramidal cell; receptive field; dynamics
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20114286-14$05.00/0
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