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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2000, 20(13):4954-4961
Critical Period for Activity-Dependent Synapse Elimination in
Developing Cerebellum
Sho
Kakizawa1, 2,
Miwako
Yamasaki3,
Masahiko
Watanabe3, and
Masanobu
Kano1, 2
1 Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School
of Medicine, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan, 2 Core Research for
Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology
Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and
3 Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of
Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
Synapse elimination is considered to be the final step in neural
circuit formation, by causing refinement of redundant connections formed at earlier developmental stages. The developmental loss of
climbing fiber innervation from cerebellar Purkinje cells is an example
of such synapse elimination. It has been suggested that NMDA receptors
are involved in the elimination of climbing fiber synapses. In the
present study, we probed the NMDA receptor-dependent period of climbing
fiber synapse elimination by using daily intraperitoneal injections of
the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. We found that blockade of NMDA
receptors during postnatal day 15 (P15) and P16, but not before or
after this period, resulted in a higher incidence of multiple climbing
fiber innervation and caused a mild but persistent loss of motor
coordination. Neither basic synaptic functions nor cerebellar
morphology were affected by this manipulation. Chronic local
application of MK-801 to the cerebellum during P15 and P16 also yielded
a higher incidence of multiple climbing fiber innervation. During
P15-P16, large NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs were detected at the mossy
fiber-granule cell synapse, but not at the parallel fiber-Purkinje
cell or climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. It is therefore likely
that the NMDA receptors located at the mossy fiber-granule cell
synapse mediate signals leading to the elimination of surplus climbing
fibers. These results suggest that an NMDA receptor-dependent phase of
climbing fiber synapse elimination lasts 2 d at most. During this
phase, the final refinement of climbing fiber synapses occurs, and
disruption of this process leads to permanent impairment of cerebellar function.
Key words:
climbing fiber; Purkinje cell; cerebellum; synapse
elimination; development; critical period; NMDA receptor; MK-801; activity-dependent
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20134954-08$05.00/0
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