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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2000, 20(13):4975-4982
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm:
Expression and Function of Robos and Slits
Lynda
Erskine1,
Scott
E.
Williams1,
Katja
Brose2,
Thomas
Kidd3,
Rivka A.
Rachel1,
Corey S.
Goodman3,
Marc
Tessier-Lavigne2, and
Carol A.
Mason1
1 Departments of Pathology and Anatomy and Cell
Biology, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University,
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Anatomy,
and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San
Francisco, California, 94143-0452, and 3 Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720
The ventral midline of the nervous system is an important choice
point at which growing axons decide whether to cross and project
contralaterally or remain on the same side of the brain. In
Drosophila, the decision to cross or avoid the CNS
midline is controlled, at least in part, by the Roundabout (Robo)
receptor on the axons and its ligand, Slit, an inhibitory extracellular matrix molecule secreted by the midline glia. Vertebrate homologs of
these molecules have been cloned and have also been implicated in
regulating axon guidance. Using in situ hybridization,
we have determined the expression patterns of robo1,2
and slit1,2,3 in the mouse retina and in the region of
the developing optic chiasm, a ventral midline structure in which
retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons diverge to either side of the brain.
The receptors and ligands are expressed at the appropriate time and
place, in both the retina and the ventral diencephalon, to be able to
influence RGC axon guidance. In vitro,
slit2 is inhibitory to RGC axons, with outgrowth of both
ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting axons being strongly
affected. Overall, these results indicate that Robos and Slits alone do
not directly control RGC axon divergence at the optic chiasm and may
additionally function as a general inhibitory guidance system involved
in determining the relative position of the optic chiasm at the ventral
midline of the developing hypothalamus.
Key words:
axon guidance; diencephalon; hypothalamus; optic chiasm; Robo; retinal ganglion cell; Slit
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20134975-08$05.00/0
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