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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 2000, 20(17):6394-6403

The Polyglutamine Expansion in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 Causes a  Subunit-Specific Enhanced Activation of P/Q-Type Calcium Channels in Xenopus Oocytes

Sophie Restituito¹, Randall M. Thompson², Jacob Eliet¹, Robert S. Raike^{2, 3}, Maureen Riedl³, Pierre Charnet¹, and Christopher M. Gomez²

¹ Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Propre de Recherche 1086, Montpellier, France 34293, and ² Center for Clinical and Molecular Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, and ³  Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a dominantly inherited degenerative disorder of the cerebellum characterized by nearly selective and progressive death of Purkinje cells. The underlying mutation in SCA6 consists of an expansion of a trinucleotide CAG repeat in the 3' region of the gene, CACNA1A, encoding the _1A subunit of the neuronal P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Although it is known that this mutation results in an expanded tract of glutamine residues in some _1A splice forms, the distribution of these splice forms and the role of this mutation in the highly selective Purkinje cell degeneration seen in SCA6 have yet to be elucidated. Using specific antisera we demonstrate that the pathological expansion in SCA6 can potentially be expressed in multiple isoforms of the _1A subunit, and that these isoforms are abundantly expressed in the cerebellum, particularly in the Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites. Using _1A subunit chimeras expressing SCA6 mutations, we show that the SCA6 polyglutamine expansion shifts the voltage dependence of channel activation and rate of inactivation only when expressed with ₄ subunits and impairs normal G-protein regulation of P/Q channels. These findings suggest the possibility that SCA6 is a channelopathy, and that the underlying mutation in SCA6 causes Purkinje cell degeneration through excessive entry of calcium ions.

Key words: calcium channel; cerebellar ataxia; polyglutamine tract; Purkinje cell; subunit; neurodegenerative disease; channelopathy

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Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/20176394-10$05.00/0

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