 |
Previous Article | Next Article 
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 2000, 20(18):6920-6926
Homocysteine Elicits a DNA Damage Response in Neurons That
Promotes Apoptosis and Hypersensitivity to Excitotoxicity
Inna I.
Kruman1,
Carsten
Culmsee2,
Sic L.
Chan1,
Yuri
Kruman1,
Zhihong
Guo1,
LaRoy
Penix2, and
Mark P.
Mattson1, 2
1 Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
2 Sanders-Brown Research Center on Aging and Department of
Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
40536
Elevated plasma levels of the sulfur-containing amino acid
homocysteine increase the risk for atherosclerosis, stroke, and possibly Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We now report that homocysteine induces apoptosis in rat
hippocampal neurons. DNA strand breaks and associated activation of
poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and NAD depletion occur rapidly after
exposure to homocysteine and precede mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and caspase activation. The PARP inhibitor
3-aminobenzamide (3AB) protects neurons against homocysteine-induced
NAD depletion, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and cell
death, demonstrating a requirement for PARP activation and/or NAD
depletion in homocysteine-induced apoptosis. Caspase inhibition
accelerates the loss of mitochondrial potential and shifts the mode of
cell death to necrosis; inhibition of PARP with 3AB attenuates this effect of caspase inhibition. Homocysteine markedly increases the
vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to excitotoxic and oxidative injury in cell culture and in vivo, suggesting a
mechanism by which homocysteine may contribute to the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative disorders.
Key words:
calcium; caspase; mitochondrial transmembrane potential; NAD; PARP; stroke
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20186920-07$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. K. Hutnick, P. Golshani, M. Namihira, Z. Xue, A. Matynia, X. W. Yang, A. J. Silva, F. E. Schweizer, and G. Fan
DNA hypomethylation restricted to the murine forebrain induces cortical degeneration and impairs postnatal neuronal maturation
Hum. Mol. Genet.,
August 1, 2009;
18(15):
2875 - 2888.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Zhou, R. Sauve, and T. W. Thannhauser
Proteome changes induced by aluminium stress in tomato roots
J. Exp. Bot.,
April 1, 2009;
60(6):
1849 - 1857.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C.-E Zhang, W. Wei, Y.-H. Liu, J.-H. Peng, Q. Tian, G.-P. Liu, Y. Zhang, and J.-Z. Wang
Hyperhomocysteinemia Increases {beta}-Amyloid by Enhancing Expression of {gamma}-Secretase and Phosphorylation of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Rat Brain
Am. J. Pathol.,
April 1, 2009;
174(4):
1481 - 1491.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T Liu-Ambrose and M G Donaldson
Exercise and cognition in older adults: is there a role for resistance training programmes?
Br. J. Sports Med.,
January 1, 2009;
43(1):
25 - 27.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C E Teunissen, J Killestein, J J Kragt, C H Polman, C D Dijkstra, and H J Blom
Serum homocysteine levels in relation to clinical progression in multiple sclerosis
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
December 1, 2008;
79(12):
1349 - 1353.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. G. Rabaneda, M. Carrasco, M. A. Lopez-Toledano, M. Murillo-Carretero, F. A. Ruiz, C. Estrada, and C. Castro
Homocysteine inhibits proliferation of neuronal precursors in the mouse adult brain by impairing the basic fibroblast growth factor signaling cascade and reducing extracellular regulated kinase 1/2-dependent cyclin E expression
FASEB J,
November 1, 2008;
22(11):
3823 - 3835.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. S. Aisen, L. S. Schneider, M. Sano, R. Diaz-Arrastia, C. H. van Dyck, M. F. Weiner, T. Bottiglieri, S. Jin, K. T. Stokes, R. G. Thomas, et al.
High-Dose B Vitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA,
October 15, 2008;
300(15):
1774 - 1783.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. Troen, M. Shea-Budgell, B. Shukitt-Hale, D. E. Smith, J. Selhub, and I. H. Rosenberg
B-vitamin deficiency causes hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular cognitive impairment in mice
PNAS,
August 26, 2008;
105(34):
12474 - 12479.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Kronenberg, C. Harms, R. W. Sobol, F. Cardozo-Pelaez, H. Linhart, B. Winter, M. Balkaya, K. Gertz, S. B. Gay, D. Cox, et al.
Folate Deficiency Induces Neurodegeneration and Brain Dysfunction in Mice Lacking Uracil DNA Glycosylase
J. Neurosci.,
July 9, 2008;
28(28):
7219 - 7230.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Aygun, B. Tanyeri, M. Ceyhan, H. Bagc{iota}, and S. Kucukoduk
Diffuse Multicystic Encephalomalacia in a Preterm Baby Due to Homozygous Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 C->T Mutation
J Child Neurol,
June 1, 2008;
23(6):
695 - 698.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Wilhelm, H. Frieling, T. Hillemacher, D. Degner, J. Kornhuber, and S. Bleich
Hippocampal Volume Loss in Patients with Alcoholism is Influenced by the Consumed Type of Alcoholic Beverage
Alcohol Alcohol.,
January 31, 2008;
(2008)
agn002v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. C. Newman, H. Bang, S. I. Hussain, and J. F. Toole
Association of diabetes, homocysteine, and HDL with cognition and disability after stroke
Neurology,
November 27, 2007;
69(22):
2054 - 2062.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Mallika, B. Goswami, and M. Rajappa
Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology and the Role of Novel Risk Factors: A Clinicobiochemical Perspective
Angiology,
November 1, 2007;
58(5):
513 - 522.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. J. Culley, S. V. Raghavan, M. Waly, M. G. Baxter, R. Yukhananov, R. C. Deth, and G. Crosby
Nitrous Oxide Decreases Cortical Methionine Synthase Transiently but Produces Lasting Memory Impairment in Aged Rats
Anesth. Analg.,
July 1, 2007;
105(1):
83 - 88.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L.-K. Yang, K.-C. Wong, M.-Y. Wu, S.-L. Liao, C.-S. Kuo, and R.-F. S. Huang
Correlations Between Folate, B12, Homocysteine Levels, and Radiological Markers of Neuropathology in Elderly Post-Stroke Patients
J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,
June 1, 2007;
26(3):
272 - 278.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. A. Blaise, E. Nedelec, H. Schroeder, J.-M. Alberto, C. Bossenmeyer-Pourie, J.-L. Gueant, and J.-L. Daval
Gestational Vitamin B Deficiency Leads to Homocysteine-Associated Brain Apoptosis and Alters Neurobehavioral Development in Rats
Am. J. Pathol.,
February 1, 2007;
170(2):
667 - 679.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Soumare, A. Elbaz, V. Ducros, B. Tavernier, A. Alperovitch, and C. Tzourio
Cross-sectional association between homocysteine and motor function in the elderly.
Neurology,
September 26, 2006;
67(6):
985 - 990.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L.M.L. de Lau, P. J. Koudstaal, J. C.M. Witteman, A. Hofman, and M. M.B. Breteler
Dietary folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 and the risk of Parkinson disease.
Neurology,
July 25, 2006;
67(2):
315 - 318.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. F. Elias, M. A. Robbins, M. M. Budge, P. K. Elias, S. L. Brennan, C. Johnston, Z. Nagy, and C. J. Bates
Homocysteine, Folate, and Vitamins B6 and B12 Blood Levels in Relation to Cognitive Performance: The Maine-Syracuse Study
Psychosom Med,
July 1, 2006;
68(4):
547 - 554.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G S M Ramsaransing, M R Fokkema, A Teelken, A V Arutjunyan, M Koch, and J De Keyser
Plasma homocysteine levels in multiple sclerosis
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
February 1, 2006;
77(2):
189 - 192.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. F. Elias, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino, P. K. Elias, P. F. Jacques, J. Selhub, S. Seshadri, R. Au, A. Beiser, and P. A. Wolf
Homocysteine and Cognitive Performance in the Framingham Offspring Study: Age Is Important
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
October 1, 2005;
162(7):
644 - 653.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-K. Kuo, F. A. Sorond, J.-H. Chen, A. Hashmi, W. P. Milberg, and L. A. Lipsitz
The Role of Homocysteine in Multisystem Age-Related Problems: A Systematic Review
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
September 1, 2005;
60(9):
1190 - 1201.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Lewerin, M. Matousek, G. Steen, B. Johansson, B. Steen, and H. Nilsson-Ehle
Significant correlations of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonic acid with movement and cognitive performance in elderly subjects but no improvement from short-term vitamin therapy: a placebo-controlled randomized study
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
May 1, 2005;
81(5):
1155 - 1162.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S.-J. Lee, K.-M. Kim, S. Namkoong, C.-K. Kim, Y.-C. Kang, H. Lee, K.-S. Ha, J.-A Han, H.-T. Chung, Y.-G. Kwon, et al.
Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Homocysteine-induced Human Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Down-regulation of p53-dependent Noxa Expression through the Formation of S-Nitrosohomocysteine
J. Biol. Chem.,
February 18, 2005;
280(7):
5781 - 5788.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Endres, M. Ahmadi, I. Kruman, D. Biniszkiewicz, A. Meisel, and K. Gertz
Folate Deficiency Increases Postischemic Brain Injury
Stroke,
February 1, 2005;
36(2):
321 - 325.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Smolkova, M. Dusinska, K. Raslova, M. Barancokova, A. Kazimirova, A. Horska, V. Spustova, and A. Collins
Folate levels determine effect of antioxidant supplementation on micronuclei in subjects with cardiovascular risk
Mutagenesis,
November 1, 2004;
19(6):
469 - 476.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. I. Kruman, E. Schwartz, Y. Kruman, R. G. Cutler, X. Zhu, N. H. Greig, and M. P. Mattson
Suppression of Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Induces Neuronal Apoptosis
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 15, 2004;
279(42):
43952 - 43960.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Sachdev, R. Parslow, C. Salonikas, O. Lux, W. Wen, R. Kumar, D. Naidoo, H. Christensen, and A. Jorm
Homocysteine and the Brain in Midadult Life: Evidence for an Increased Risk of Leukoaraiosis in Men
Arch Neurol,
September 1, 2004;
61(9):
1369 - 1376.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Singhal, S. Bevan, T. Barrick, P. Rich, and H. S. Markus
The influence of genetic and cardiovascular risk factors on the CADASIL phenotype
Brain,
September 1, 2004;
127(9):
2031 - 2038.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Chen, S. M. Zhang, M. A. Schwarzschild, M. A. Hernan, G. Logroscino, W. C. Willett, and A. Ascherio
Folate Intake and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Am. J. Epidemiol.,
August 15, 2004;
160(4):
368 - 375.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Quadri, C. Fragiacomo, R. Pezzati, E. Zanda, G. Forloni, M. Tettamanti, and U. Lucca
Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B-12 in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
July 1, 2004;
80(1):
114 - 122.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-I Chao, P.-C. Kuo, and T.-S. Hsu
Down-regulation of Survivin in Nitric Oxide-induced Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of the Human Lung Carcinoma Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
May 7, 2004;
279(19):
20267 - 20276.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. M. Faraci and S. R. Lentz
Hyperhomocysteinemia, Oxidative Stress, and Cerebral Vascular Dysfunction
Stroke,
February 1, 2004;
35(2):
345 - 347.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hassan, B. J. Hunt, M. O'Sullivan, R. Bell, R. D'Souza, S. Jeffery, J. M. Bamford, and H. S. Markus
Homocysteine is a risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease, acting via endothelial dysfunction
Brain,
January 1, 2004;
127(1):
212 - 219.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Culmsee, J. Siewe, V. Junker, M. Retiounskaia, S. Schwarz, S. Camandola, S. El-Metainy, H. Behnke, M. P. Mattson, and J. Krieglstein
Reciprocal Inhibition of p53 and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Transcriptional Activities Determines Cell Survival or Death in Neurons
J. Neurosci.,
September 17, 2003;
23(24):
8586 - 8595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. P. Mattson
Gene-Diet Interactions in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Ann Intern Med,
September 2, 2003;
139(5_Part_2):
441 - 444.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. A. Whitmer, M. N. Haan, J. W. Miller, and K. Yaffe
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cognitive Performance: The Role of Homocysteine
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
April 1, 2003;
58(4):
M324 - 330.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Robert, F. Vialard, E. Thiery, K. Toyama, P.-M. Sinet, N. Janel, and J. London
Expression of the Cystathionine {beta} Synthase (CBS) Gene During Mouse Development and Immunolocalization in Adult Brain
J. Histochem. Cytochem.,
March 1, 2003;
51(3):
363 - 371.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. M. Faraci
Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Million Ways to Lose Control
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.,
March 1, 2003;
23(3):
371 - 373.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. P. Mattson
Will caloric restriction and folate protect against AD and PD?
Neurology,
February 25, 2003;
60(4):
690 - 695.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-m. Kim, H. Lee, and N. Chang
Hyperhomocysteinemia Due to Short-Term Folate Deprivation Is Related to Electron Microscopic Changes in the Rat Brain
J. Nutr.,
November 1, 2002;
132(11):
3418 - 3421.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Levine, Z. Stahl, B. A. Sela, S. Gavendo, V. Ruderman, and R. H. Belmaker
Elevated Homocysteine Levels in Young Male Patients With Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry,
October 1, 2002;
159(10):
1790 - 1792.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Virag and C. Szabo
The Therapeutic Potential of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Pharmacol. Rev.,
September 1, 2002;
54(3):
375 - 429.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R.-F. S. Huang, S.-M. Huang, B.-S. Lin, C.-Y. Hung, and H.-T. Lu
N-Acetylcysteine, Vitamin C and Vitamin E Diminish Homocysteine Thiolactone-Induced Apoptosis in Human Promyeloid HL-60 Cells
J. Nutr.,
August 1, 2002;
132(8):
2151 - 2156.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. J. James, S. Melnyk, M. Pogribna, I. P. Pogribny, and M. A. Caudill
Elevation in S-Adenosylhomocysteine and DNA Hypomethylation: Potential Epigenetic Mechanism for Homocysteine-Related Pathology
J. Nutr.,
August 1, 2002;
132(8):
2361S - 2366.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. P. Mattson, S. L. Chan, and W. Duan
Modification of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders by Genes, Diet, and Behavior
Physiol Rev,
July 1, 2002;
82(3):
637 - 672.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. B. Shea, E. Rogers, J. Auer, R. Berent, B. Eber, S. Seshadri, and P. A. Wolf
Homocysteine and Dementia
N. Engl. J. Med.,
June 20, 2002;
346(25):
2007 - 2008.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. S. Sachdev, M. Valenzuela, X. L. Wang, J. C.L. Looi, and H. Brodaty
Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals
Neurology,
May 28, 2002;
58(10):
1539 - 1541.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Yang, D. A. Maiguel, and F. Carrier
Identification of nucleolin and nucleophosmin as genotoxic stress-responsive RNA-binding proteins
Nucleic Acids Res.,
May 15, 2002;
30(10):
2251 - 2260.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A D. Smith
Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cognitive deficit in the elderly
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition,
May 1, 2002;
75(5):
785 - 786.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. I. Kruman, T. S. Kumaravel, A. Lohani, W. A. Pedersen, R. G. Cutler, Y. Kruman, N. Haughey, J. Lee, M. Evans, and M. P. Mattson
Folic Acid Deficiency and Homocysteine Impair DNA Repair in Hippocampal Neurons and Sensitize Them to Amyloid Toxicity in Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 2002;
22(5):
1752 - 1762.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Seshadri, A. Beiser, J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, I. H. Rosenberg, R. B. D'Agostino, P. W.F. Wilson, and P. A. Wolf
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
N. Engl. J. Med.,
February 14, 2002;
346(7):
476 - 483.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. den Heijer, S. E Vermeer, R. Clarke, M. Oudkerk, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, and M. M. B. Breteler
Homocysteine and brain atrophy on MRI of non-demented elderly
Brain,
January 1, 2002;
126(1):
170 - 175.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Cheng, S. L. Chan, O. Milhavet, S. Wang, and M. P. Mattson
p38 MAP Kinase Mediates Nitric Oxide-induced Apoptosis of Neural Progenitor Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 9, 2001;
276(46):
43320 - 43327.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Reynish, S. Andrieu, F. Nourhashemi, and B. Vellas
Nutritional Factors and Alzheimer's Disease
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.,
November 1, 2001;
56(11):
M675 - 680.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Blandini, R. Fancellu, E. Martignoni, A. Mangiagalli, C. Pacchetti, A. Samuele, and G. Nappi
Plasma Homocysteine and L-DOPA Metabolism in Patients with Parkinson Disease
Clin. Chem.,
June 1, 2001;
47(6):
1102 - 1104.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|