 |
Previous Article | Next Article 
The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2000, 20(19):7377-7383
Enhanced Proliferation, Survival, and Dopaminergic
Differentiation of CNS Precursors in Lowered Oxygen
Lorenz
Studer1, 3,
Marie
Csete2, 4,
Sang-Hun
Lee1, 5,
Nadine
Kabbani1,
Jean
Walikonis2,
Barbara
Wold2, and
Ron
McKay1
1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland 20892, 2 Biology Division, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 92215, 3 Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Neurosurgery
and Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Sloan Kettering, New York,
New York 10021, 4 Departments of Anesthesiology, and Cell
and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109-0615, and 5 College of Medicine, Hanyang University,
Seoul, 133-791, Korea
Standard cell culture systems impose environmental oxygen
(O2) levels of 20%, whereas actual tissue
O2 levels in both developing and adult brain are an order
of magnitude lower. To address whether proliferation and
differentiation of CNS precursors in vitro are influenced by the O2 environment, we analyzed embryonic day
12 rat mesencephalic precursor cells in traditional cultures
with 20% O2 and in lowered O2 (3 ± 2%).
Proliferation was promoted and apoptosis was reduced when cells were
grown in lowered O2, yielding greater numbers of
precursors. The differentiation of precursor cells into neurons with
specific neurotransmitter phenotypes was also significantly altered.
The percentage of neurons of dopaminergic phenotype increased to 56%
in lowered O2 compared with 18% in 20% O2.
Together, the increases in total cell number and percentage of
dopaminergic neurons resulted in a ninefold net increase in dopamine
neuron yield. Differential gene expression analysis revealed more
abundant messages for FGF8, engrailed-1, and erythropoietin in lowered
O2. Erythropoietin supplementation of 20% O2
cultures partially mimicked increased dopaminergic differentiation
characteristic of CNS precursors cultured in lowered O2.
These data demonstrate increased proliferation, reduced cell death, and
enhanced dopamine neuron generation in lowered O2,
making this method an important advance in the ex vivo
generation of specific neurons for brain repair.
Key words:
CNS precursors; CNS stem cells; dopaminergic neurons; erythropoietin; oxygen; Parkinson's disease
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20197377-07$05.00/0
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. M. McCord, M. Jamal, U. T. Shankavarum, F. F. Lang, K. Camphausen, and P. J. Tofilon
Physiologic Oxygen Concentration Enhances the Stem-Like Properties of CD133+ Human Glioblastoma Cells In vitro
Mol. Cancer Res.,
April 1, 2009;
7(4):
489 - 497.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
O. Preynat-Seauve, D. M. Suter, D. Tirefort, L. Turchi, T. Virolle, H. Chneiweiss, M. Foti, J.-A. Lobrinus, L. Stoppini, A. Feki, et al.
Development of Human Nervous Tissue upon Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture
Stem Cells,
March 1, 2009;
27(3):
509 - 520.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Kawahara, T. Imai, H. Imataka, M. Tsujimoto, K. Matsumoto, and H. Okano
Neural RNA-binding protein Musashi1 inhibits translation initiation by competing with eIF4G for PABP
J. Cell Biol.,
October 17, 2008;
181(4):
639 - 653.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. M. Schieke, M. Ma, L. Cao, J. P. McCoy Jr., C. Liu, N. F. Hensel, A. J. Barrett, M. Boehm, and T. Finkel
Mitochondrial Metabolism Modulates Differentiation and Teratoma Formation Capacity in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
J. Biol. Chem.,
October 17, 2008;
283(42):
28506 - 28512.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Rabie and H. H. Marti
Brain Protection by Erythropoietin: A Manifold Task
Physiology,
October 1, 2008;
23(5):
263 - 274.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. E. O'Keeffe, S. A. Scott, P. Tyers, G. W. O'Keeffe, J. W. Dalley, R. Zufferey, and M. A. Caldwell
Induction of A9 dopaminergic neurons from neural stem cells improves motor function in an animal model of Parkinson's disease
Brain,
March 1, 2008;
131(3):
630 - 641.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Zhou, J. Wang, M. A. Zapala, J. Xue, N. J. Schork, and G. G. Haddad
Gene expression in mouse brain following chronic hypoxia: role of sarcospan in glial cell death
Physiol Genomics,
February 19, 2008;
32(3):
370 - 379.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Amarilio, S. V. Viukov, A. Sharir, I. Eshkar-Oren, R. S. Johnson, and E. Zelzer
HIF1{alpha} regulation of Sox9 is necessary to maintain differentiation of hypoxic prechondrogenic cells during early skeletogenesis
Development,
November 1, 2007;
134(21):
3917 - 3928.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-L. Chen, F. Pistollato, D. J. Hoeppner, H.-T. Ni, R. D.G. McKay, and D. M. Panchision
Oxygen Tension Regulates Survival and Fate of Mouse Central Nervous System Precursors at Multiple Levels
Stem Cells,
September 1, 2007;
25(9):
2291 - 2301.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z.-Y. Chen, P. Asavaritikrai, J. T. Prchal, and C. T. Noguchi
Endogenous Erythropoietin Signaling Is Required for Normal Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation
J. Biol. Chem.,
August 31, 2007;
282(35):
25875 - 25883.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Miyashita, K. Higa, N. Kato, T. Kawakita, S. Yoshida, K. Tsubota, and S. Shimmura
Hypoxia Enhances the Expansion of Human Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells In Vitro
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,
August 1, 2007;
48(8):
3586 - 3593.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Lagares, H.-Y. Li, X.-F. Zhou, and C. Avendano
Primary Sensory Neuron Addition in the Adult Rat Trigeminal Ganglion: Evidence for Neural Crest Glio-Neuronal Precursor Maturation
J. Neurosci.,
July 25, 2007;
27(30):
7939 - 7953.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Milosevic, M. Maisel, F. Wegner, J. Leuchtenberger, R. H. Wenger, M. Gerlach, A. Storch, and J. Schwarz
Lack of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1{alpha} Impairs Midbrain Neural Precursor Cells Involving Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling
J. Neurosci.,
January 10, 2007;
27(2):
412 - 421.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. H. L. Teh, K. K. Y. Lam, C. C. Loh, J. M. Loo, T. Yan, and T. M. Lim
Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 1 Is a Transcriptional Repressor and Requires Arylhydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator for Its Nuclear Localization
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 10, 2006;
281(45):
34617 - 34629.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. A Goldman and M. S Windrem
Cell replacement therapy in neurological disease
Phil Trans R Soc B,
September 29, 2006;
361(1473):
1463 - 1475.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. C. Chavez, O. Baranova, J. Lin, and P. Pichiule
The Transcriptional Activator Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2/EPAS-1) Regulates the Oxygen-Dependent Expression of Erythropoietin in Cortical Astrocytes
J. Neurosci.,
September 13, 2006;
26(37):
9471 - 9481.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. H. Haase
Hypoxia-inducible factors in the kidney
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol,
August 1, 2006;
291(2):
F271 - F281.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Pacary, H. Legros, S. Valable, P. Duchatelle, M. Lecocq, E. Petit, O. Nicole, and M. Bernaudin
Synergistic effects of CoCl2 and ROCK inhibition on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells
J. Cell Sci.,
July 1, 2006;
119(13):
2667 - 2678.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. E. Anderson
The satellite cell as a companion in skeletal muscle plasticity: currency, conveyance, clue, connector and colander
J. Exp. Biol.,
June 15, 2006;
209(12):
2276 - 2292.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Chung, B.-S. Shin, M. Hwang, T. Lardaro, U. J. Kang, O. Isacson, and K.-S. Kim
Neural Precursors Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells, but Not Those from Fetal Ventral Mesencephalon, Maintain the Potential to Differentiate into Dopaminergic Neurons After Expansion In Vitro
Stem Cells,
June 1, 2006;
24(6):
1583 - 1593.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Hermann, M. Maisel, F. Wegner, S. Liebau, D.-W. Kim, M. Gerlach, J. Schwarz, K.-S. Kim, and A. Storch
Multipotent Neural Stem Cells from the Adult Tegmentum with Dopaminergic Potential Develop Essential Properties of Functional Neurons
Stem Cells,
April 1, 2006;
24(4):
949 - 964.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. L. Covello, J. Kehler, H. Yu, J. D. Gordan, A. M. Arsham, C.-J. Hu, P. A. Labosky, M. C. Simon, and B. Keith
HIF-2{alpha} regulates Oct-4: effects of hypoxia on stem cell function, embryonic development, and tumor growth.
Genes & Dev.,
March 1, 2006;
20(5):
557 - 570.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. T. Tsai, J. J. Ohab, N. Kertesz, M. Groszer, C. Matter, J. Gao, X. Liu, H. Wu, and S. T. Carmichael
A Critical Role of Erythropoietin Receptor in Neurogenesis and Post-Stroke Recovery
J. Neurosci.,
January 25, 2006;
26(4):
1269 - 1274.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Shin, M. Mitalipova, S. Noggle, D. Tibbitts, A. Venable, R. Rao, and S. L. Stice
Long-Term Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neuroepithelial Cells Using Defined Adherent Culture Conditions
Stem Cells,
January 1, 2006;
24(1):
125 - 138.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Bosch, S. L. Pratt, and S. L. Stice
Isolation, Characterization, Gene Modification, and Nuclear Reprogramming of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Biol Reprod,
January 1, 2006;
74(1):
46 - 57.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Yun, Q. Lin, and A. J. Giaccia
Adaptive Myogenesis under Hypoxia
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
April 15, 2005;
25(8):
3040 - 3055.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. West, W. D. Richardson, and M. Fruttiger
Stabilization of the retinal vascular network by reciprocal feedback between blood vessels and astrocytes
Development,
April 15, 2005;
132(8):
1855 - 1862.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y.-s. Mukouyama, H.-P. Gerber, N. Ferrara, C. Gu, and D. J. Anderson
Peripheral nerve-derived VEGF promotes arterial differentiation via neuropilin 1-mediated positive feedback
Development,
March 1, 2005;
132(5):
941 - 952.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Li, D. Johnson, M. Calkins, L. Wright, C. Svendsen, and J. Johnson
Stabilization of Nrf2 by tBHQ Confers Protection against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Human Neural Stem Cells
Toxicol. Sci.,
February 1, 2005;
83(2):
313 - 328.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. G. Meyron-Holtz, M. C. Ghosh, and T. A. Rouault
Mammalian Tissue Oxygen Levels Modulate Iron-Regulatory Protein Activities in Vivo
Science,
December 17, 2004;
306(5704):
2087 - 2090.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Liste, E. Garcia-Garcia, and A. Martinez-Serrano
The Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons by Human Neural Stem Cells Is Enhanced by Bcl-XL, Both In Vitro and In Vivo
J. Neurosci.,
December 1, 2004;
24(48):
10786 - 10795.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. C. Schulz, S. A. Noggle, G. M. Palmarini, D. A. Weiler, I. G. Lyons, K. A. Pensa, A. C.B. Meedeniya, B. P. Davidson, N. A. Lambert, and B. G. Condie
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Dopaminergic Neurons in Serum-Free Suspension Culture
Stem Cells,
December 1, 2004;
22(7):
1218 - 1238.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Acker and H. Acker
Cellular oxygen sensing need in CNS function: physiological and pathological implications
J. Exp. Biol.,
August 15, 2004;
207(18):
3171 - 3188.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. H. Marti
Erythropoietin and the hypoxic brain
J. Exp. Biol.,
August 15, 2004;
207(18):
3233 - 3242.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. F. Muschler, C. Nakamoto, and L. G. Griffith
Engineering Principles of Clinical Cell-Based Tissue Engineering
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.,
July 1, 2004;
86(7):
1541 - 1558.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-C. Kuo, K.-Y. F. Pau, R. R. Yeoman, S. M. Mitalipov, H. Okano, and D. P. Wolf
Differentiation of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells into Neural Lineages
Biol Reprod,
May 1, 2003;
68(5):
1727 - 1735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Yu, J. J. Shacka, J. B. Eells, C. Suarez-Quian, R. M. Przygodzki, B. Beleslin-Cokic, C.-S. Lin, V. M. Nikodem, B. Hempstead, K. C. Flanders, et al.
Erythropoietin receptor signalling is required for normal brain development
Development,
March 3, 2003;
129(2):
505 - 516.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. J. Toledo-Aral, S. Mendez-Ferrer, R. Pardal, M. Echevarria, and J. Lopez-Barneo
Trophic Restoration of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway in Long-Term Carotid Body-Grafted Parkinsonian Rats
J. Neurosci.,
January 1, 2003;
23(1):
141 - 148.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Reecy, S. A. Miller, and M. Webster
Recent Advances That Impact Skeletal Muscle Growth and Development Research
J Anim Sci,
January 1, 2003;
81(13_suppl_1):
E1 - 8.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. C. Lie, G. Dziewczapolski, A. R. Willhoite, B. K. Kaspar, C. W. Shults, and F. H. Gage
The Adult Substantia Nigra Contains Progenitor Cells with Neurogenic Potential
J. Neurosci.,
August 1, 2002;
22(15):
6639 - 6649.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Bocker-Meffert, P. Rosenstiel, C. Rohl, N. Warneke, J. Held-Feindt, J. Sievers, and R. Lucius
Erythropoietin and VEGF Promote Neural Outgrowth from Retinal Explants in Postnatal Rats
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.,
June 1, 2002;
43(6):
2021 - 2026.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. J. Burton, A. L. Watson, J. Hempstock, J. N. Skepper, and E. Jauniaux
Uterine Glands Provide Histiotrophic Nutrition for the Human Fetus during the First Trimester of Pregnancy
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 2002;
87(6):
2954 - 2959.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. Shingo, S. T. Sorokan, T. Shimazaki, and S. Weiss
Erythropoietin Regulates the In Vitro and In Vivo Production of Neuronal Progenitors by Mammalian Forebrain Neural Stem Cells
J. Neurosci.,
December 15, 2001;
21(24):
9733 - 9743.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Akerud, J. M. Canals, E. Y. Snyder, and E. Arenas
Neuroprotection through Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor by Neural Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
J. Neurosci.,
October 15, 2001;
21(20):
8108 - 8118.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Yu, C.-S. Lin, F. Costantini, and C. T. Noguchi
The human erythropoietin receptor gene rescues erythropoiesis and developmental defects in the erythropoietin receptor null mouse
Blood,
July 15, 2001;
98(2):
475 - 477.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. Matsuura, D. C. Lie, M. Hoshimaru, M. Asahi, M. Hojo, R. Ishizaki, N. Hashimoto, S. Noji, H. Ohuchi, H. Yoshioka, et al.
Sonic Hedgehog Facilitates Dopamine Differentiation in the Presence of a Mesencephalic Glial Cell Line
J. Neurosci.,
June 15, 2001;
21(12):
4326 - 4335.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. J. Morrison, M. Csete, A. K. Groves, W. Melega, B. Wold, and D. J. Anderson
Culture in Reduced Levels of Oxygen Promotes Clonogenic Sympathoadrenal Differentiation by Isolated Neural Crest Stem Cells
J. Neurosci.,
October 1, 2000;
20(19):
7370 - 7376.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|