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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2000, 20(19):7478-7488

Cortical Feedback Controls the Frequency and Synchrony of Oscillations in the Visual Thalamus

Thierry Bal¹, Damien Debay¹, and Alain Destexhe^{1, 2}

¹ Unité de Neurosciences Intégratives et Computationnelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2191, Institut de Neurobiologie A. Fessard, 91 198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and ² Department of Physiology, Laval University, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada

Thalamic circuits have an intrinsic capacity to generate state-dependent oscillations of different frequency and degrees of synchrony, but little is known of how synchronized oscillation is controlled in the intact brain or what function it may serve. The influence of cortical feedback was examined using slice preparations of the visual thalamus and computational models. Cortical feedback was mimicked by stimulating corticothalamic axons, triggered by the activity of relay neurons. This artificially coupled network had the capacity to self-organize and to generate qualitatively different rhythmical activities according to the strength of corticothalamic feedback stimuli. Weak feedback (one to three shocks at 100-150 Hz) phase-locked the spontaneous spindle oscillations (6-10 Hz) in geniculate and perigeniculate nuclei. However, strong feedback (four to eight shocks at 100-150 Hz) led to a more synchronized oscillation, slower in frequency (2-4 Hz) and dependent on GABA_B receptors. This increase in synchrony was essentially attributable to a redistribution of the timing of action potential generation in lateral geniculate nucleus cells, resulting in an increased output of relay cells toward the cortex. Corticothalamic feedback is thus capable of inducing highly synchronous slow oscillations in physiologically intact thalamic circuits. This modulation may have implications for a better understanding of the descending control of thalamic nuclei by the cortex, and the genesis of pathological rhythmical activity, such as absence seizures.

Key words: corticothalamic; spike and wave; absence seizure; GABA_B; spindle waves; thalamus; thalamic reticular nucleus; closed loop system

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Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/20197478-11$05.00/0

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