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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 2000, 20(2):600-605
A Novel Human Opsin in the Inner Retina
Ignacio Provencio1, Ignacio R. Rodriguez2, Guisen Jiang1, William Pär Hayes3, Ernesto F. Moreira2, and Mark D. Rollag1 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, 2 National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and 3 Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064
Here we report the identification of a novel human opsin, melanopsin, that is expressed in cells of the mammalian inner retina. The human melanopsin gene consists of 10 exons and is mapped to chromosome 10q22. This chromosomal localization and gene structure differs significantly from that of other human opsins that typically have four to seven exons. A survey of 26 anatomical sites indicates that, in humans, melanopsin is expressed only in the eye. In situ hybridization histochemistry shows that melanopsin expression is restricted to cells within the ganglion and amacrine cell layers of the primate and murine retinas. Notably, expression is not observed in retinal photoreceptor cells, the opsin-containing cells of the outer retina that initiate vision. The unique inner retinal localization of melanopsin suggests that it is not involved in image formation but rather may mediate nonvisual photoreceptive tasks, such as the regulation of circadian rhythms and the acute suppression of pineal melatonin. The anatomical distribution of melanopsin-positive retinal cells is similar to the pattern of cells known to project from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, a primary circadian pacemaker.
Key words: circadian; melanopsin; opsin; photoreceptor; retina; retinal ganglion cell
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/202600-06$05.00/0
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