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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 2000, 20(20):7672-7681
Mice Lacking Specific Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Subunits Exhibit Dramatically Altered Spontaneous Activity Patterns and
Reveal a Limited Role for Retinal Waves in Forming ON and OFF Circuits
in the Inner Retina
Anu
Bansal1, 2,
Joshua
H.
Singer1,
Bryan J.
Hwang1, 2,
Wei
Xu3,
Art
Beaudet3, and
Marla B.
Feller1
1 Synapse Formation and Function Unit, National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of
Health, and 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National
Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, and 3 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Before phototransduction, spontaneous activity in the developing
mammalian retina is required for the appropriate patterning of
retinothalamic connections, and there is growing evidence that this
activity influences the development of circuits within the retina
itself. We demonstrate here that the neural substrate that generates
waves in the mouse retina develops through three distinct stages.
First, between embryonic day 16 and birth [postnatal day 0 (P0)], we
observed both large, propagating waves inhibited by nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists and small clusters of cells
displaying nonpropagating, correlated calcium increases that were
independent of nAChR activation. Second, between P0 and P11, we
observed only larger propagating waves that were abolished by toxins
specific to 3 and 2 subunit-containing nAChRs. Third, between P11
and P14 (eye opening) we observed propagating activity that was
abolished by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. The time course
of this developmental shift was dramatically altered in retinas from
mice lacking the 2 nAChR subunit or the 2 and 4 subunits.
These retinas exhibited a novel circuit at P0, no spontaneous
correlated activity between P1 and P8, and the premature induction at
P8 of an ionotropic glutamate receptor-based circuit. Retinas from
postnatal mice lacking the 3 nAChR subunit exhibited spontaneous,
correlated activity patterns that were similar to those observed in
embryonic wild-type mice. In 3 / and 2 / mice, the
development and distribution of cholinergic neurons and processes and
the density of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the gross segregation
of their dendrites into ON and OFF sublaminae were normal. However, the
refinement of individual RGC dendrites is delayed. These results
indicate that retinal waves mediated by nAChRs are involved in, but not
required for, the development of neural circuits that define the ON and
OFF sublamina of the inner plexiform layer.
Key words:
retinal waves; calcium imaging; visual system
development; cholinergic amacrine cells; nicotinic receptor subunits; spontaneous activity
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20207672-10$05.00/0
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