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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 2000, 20(20):7760-7765
Hypocretin-1 Modulates Rapid Eye Movement Sleep through
Activation of Locus Coeruleus Neurons
Patrice
Bourgin1,
Salvador
Huitrón-Reséndiz2,
Avron
D.
Spier1,
Véronique
Fabre2,
Beatriz
Morte1,
José R.
Criado2,
J. Gregor
Sutcliffe1,
Steven J.
Henriksen2, and
Luis
de
Lecea1, 2
Departments of 1 Molecular Biology and
2 Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La
Jolla, California 92037
The hypocretins (hcrts), also known as orexins, are two recently
identified excitatory neuropeptides that in rat are produced by ~1200
neurons whose cell bodies are located in the lateral hypothalamus. The
hypocretins/orexins have been implicated in the regulation of rapid eye
movement (REM) sleep and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy. In the
present study, we investigated whether the locus coeruleus (LC), a
structure receiving dense hcrtergic innervation, which is quiescent
during REM sleep, might be a target for hcrt to regulate REM sleep.
Local administration of hcrt1 but not hcrt2 in the LC suppressed REM
sleep in a dose-dependent manner and increased wakefulness at the
expense of deep, slow-wave sleep. These effects were blocked with an
antibody that neutralizes hcrt binding to hcrt receptor 1. In
situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed the presence
of hcrt receptor 1 but not the presence of hcrt receptor 2 in the LC.
Iontophoretic application of hcrt1 enhanced the firing rate of LC
neurons in vivo, and local injection of hcrt1 into the
LC induced the expression of c-fos in the LC area. We
propose that hcrt receptor 1 in the LC is a key target for REM sleep
regulation and might be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms
of narcolepsy.
Key words:
norepinephrine; orexin; orexin receptors; c-fos; arousal; microinjection; immunocytochemistry
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20207760-06$05.00/0
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