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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2000, 20(21):8005-8011
NMDA But Not Non-NMDA Excitotoxicity is Mediated by
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase
Allen S.
Mandir1,
Marc
F.
Poitras1,
Adam R.
Berliner1,
William J.
Herring1,
Daniel B.
Guastella1,
Alicia
Feldman1,
Guy G.
Poirier5,
Zhao-Qi
Wang4,
Ted M.
Dawson1, 2, and
Valina L.
Dawson1, 2, 3
Departments of 1 Neurology, 2 Neuroscience,
and 3 Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, 4 Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Agency for Research
on Cancer, Unit of Gene Environment Interactions, Lyon Cedex, France
F69372, and 5 Unité de Recherche Santé et
Environnement, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de
l'Université Laval and Faculté de Médecine,
Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), a nuclear enzyme that
facilitates DNA repair, may be instrumental in acute neuronal cell
death in a variety of insults including, cerebral ischemia, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced
parkinsonism, and CNS trauma. Excitotoxicity is thought to
underlie these and other toxic models of neuronal death. Different
glutamate agonists may trigger different downstream pathways toward
neurotoxicity. We examine the role of PARP-1 in NMDA- and
non-NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. NMDA and non-NMDA agonists were
stereotactically delivered into the striatum of mice lacking PARP-1 and
control mice in acute (48 hr) and chronic (3 week) toxicity paradigms.
Mice lacking PARP-1 are highly resistant to the excitoxicity induced by
NMDA but are as equally susceptible to AMPA excitotoxicity as wild-type mice. Restoring PARP-1 protein in mice lacking PARP-1 by viral transfection restored susceptibility to NMDA, supporting the
requirement of PARP-1 in NMDA neurotoxicity. Furthermore, Western blot
analyses demonstrate that PARP-1 is activated after NMDA delivery but
not after AMPA administration. Consistent with the theory that nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite are prominent in NMDA-induced
neurotoxicity, PARP-1 was not activated in mice lacking the gene for
neuronal NO synthase after NMDA administration. These results suggest a selective role of PARP-1 in glutamate excitoxicity, and
strategies of inhibiting PARP-1 in NMDA-mediated neurotoxicity may
offer substantial acute and chronic neuroprotection.
Key words:
AMPA; excitotoxicity; nitric oxide; NMDA; NOS; parkinsonism; PARP; poly(ADP-ribose); Sindbis virus
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20218005-07$05.00/0
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