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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2000, 20(23):8667-8676
A Conserved Clathrin Assembly Motif Essential for Synaptic
Vesicle Endocytosis
Jennifer R.
Morgan1, 3,
Kondury
Prasad2, 3,
Weihua
Hao2,
George J.
Augustine1, 3, and
Eileen M.
Lafer2, 3
1 Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, 2 Department of
Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,
San Antonio, Texas, 78229, and 3 Marine Biological
Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
Although clathrin assembly by adaptor proteins (APs) plays a major
role in the recycling of synaptic vesicles, the molecular mechanism
that allows APs to assemble clathrin is poorly understood. Here we
demonstrate that AP180, like AP-2 and AP-3, binds to the N-terminal
domain of clathrin. Sequence analysis reveals a motif, containing the
sequence DLL, that exists in multiple copies in many clathrin APs.
Progressive deletion of these motifs caused a gradual reduction in the
ability of AP180 to assemble clathrin in vitro. Peptides
from AP180 or AP-2 containing this motif also competitively inhibited
clathrin assembly by either protein. Microinjection of these peptides
into squid giant presynaptic terminals reversibly blocked synaptic
transmission and inhibited synaptic vesicle endocytosis by preventing
coated pit formation at the plasma membrane. These results indicate
that the DLL motif confers clathrin assembly properties to AP180 and
AP-2 and, perhaps, to other APs. We propose that APs promote clathrin
assembly by cross-linking clathrin triskelia via multivalent
interactions between repeated DLL motifs in the APs and complementary
binding sites on the N-terminal domain of clathrin. These results
reveal the structural basis for clathrin assembly and provide novel
insights into the molecular mechanism of clathrin-mediated synaptic
vesicle endocytosis.
Key words:
AP180; AP-2; clathrin adaptors; coated vesicles; membrane
trafficking; presynaptic terminals; synaptic transmission
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20238667-10$05.00/0
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