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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2000, 20(24):9207-9214
The Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System as a Preferential Target of
Repeated Exposures to Combined Paraquat and Maneb: Implications for
Parkinson's Disease
Mona
Thiruchelvam1,
Eric K.
Richfield2, 6,
Raymond B.
Baggs5, 6,
Arnold
W.
Tank3, and
Deborah A.
Cory-Slechta4, 6
1 Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience,
Departments of 2 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
3 Pharmacology and Physiology, and
4 Environmental Medicine, the 5 Division of
Laboratory Animal Medicine, and the 6 National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences Center, University of Rochester School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
Experimental evidence supporting 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium
[paraquat (PQ)] as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) is
equivocal. Other agricultural chemicals, including dithiocarbamate fungicides such as manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate [maneb (MB)],
are widely used in the same geographical regions as paraquat and also
impact dopamine systems, suggesting that mixtures may be more relevant
etiological models. This study therefore proposed that combined PQ and
MB exposures would produce greater effects on dopamine (DA) systems
than would either compound administered alone. Male C57BL/6 mice were
treated twice a week for 6 weeks with intraperitoneal saline, 10 mg/kg
paraquat, 30 mg/kg maneb, or their combination (PQ + MB). MB, but not
PQ, reduced motor activity immediately after treatment, and this effect
was potentiated by combined PQ + MB treatment. As treatments
progressed, only the combined PQ + MB group evidenced a failure of
motor activity levels to recover within 24 hr. Striatal DA and
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid increased 1-3 d and decreased 7 d
after injections. Only PQ + MB reduced tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA
transporter immunoreactivity and did so in dorsal striatum but not
nucleus accumbens. Correspondingly, striatal TH protein levels were
decreased only by combined PQ + MB 5 d after injection. Reactive
gliosis occurred only in response to combined PQ + MB in dorsal-medial
but not ventral striatum. TH immunoreactivity and cell counts were
reduced only by PQ + MB and in the substantia nigra but not ventral
tegmental area. These synergistic effects of combined PQ + MB,
preferentially expressed in the nigrostriatal DA system, suggest that
such mixtures could play a role in the etiology of PD.
Key words:
dopamine; striatum; nucleus accumbens; substantia nigra; tyrosine hydroxylase; dopamine transporter; locomotor activity; gliosis
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20249207-08$05.00/0
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