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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2000, 20(24):9215-9223

Schwann Cells Are Removed from the Spinal Cord after Effecting Recovery from Paraplegia

Luc Jasmin¹, Gabriella Janni², Theodore M. Moallem², Douglas A. Lappi³, and Peter T. Ohara²

¹ Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0112, ² Department of Anatomy and W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, and ³ Advanced Targeting Systems, San Diego, California 92121

Remyelination of the CNS is necessary to restore neural function in a number of demyelinating conditions. Schwann cells, the myelinating cells of the periphery, are candidates for this purpose because they have more robust regenerative properties than their central homologs, the oligodendrocytes. Although the ability of Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS has been demonstrated, their capacity to enter the adult spinal cord in large numbers and effect functional recovery remains uncertain. We used cholera toxin B-subunit conjugated to saporin to demyelinate the rat lumbar spinal cord, remove macroglia, and produce paraplegia. After the removal of oligodendrocyte and astrocyte debris by invading macrophages, there was a spontaneous entry of Schwann cells into the spinal cord, along with axonal remyelination and concomitant functional recovery from paraplegia occurring within 75 d. The Schwann cells appeared to enter the dorsal funiculi via the dorsal root entry zone and the lateral funiculi via rootlets that had become adherent to the lateral spinal cord after the inflammation. In the following weeks, Schwann cell myelin surrounding central axons was progressively replaced by oligodendrocyte myelin without lapse in motor function. Our results show that endogenous Schwann cells can reverse a severe neurological deficit caused by CNS demyelination and enable later oligodendrocyte remyelination.

Key words: demyelination; remyelination; oligodendrocyte; saporin; cholera toxin; reactive astrocytes

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Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/20249215-09$05.00/0

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