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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2000, 20(24):9326-9332
Circadian Clock Resetting by Sleep Deprivation without Exercise
in the Syrian Hamster
M. C.
Antle and
R. E.
Mistlberger
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British
Columbia, V5A 1S6 Canada
Circadian rhythms in several species can be phase-shifted by
procedures that stimulate locomotor activity ("exercise") during the usual sleep period. The role of arousal or sleep loss, independent of activity, in this effect has not been adequately resolved. We show
here, using the sleep deprivation procedure of gentle handling, that
comparably large phase shifts (up to 240 min advances) of the
rest-activity cycle can be induced in Syrian hamsters by 3 hr of
behavioral arousal, with minimal locomotion, beginning 6 hr before the
usual active period. Horizontal distance traveled during the
deprivation procedure averaged ~0.08 km, compared to 2.5 km typical
in exercise studies. Hamsters requiring fewer interventions exhibited larger shifts, suggesting that the level or continuity of
spontaneous arousal determines shift size. The circadian rhythm of
light-induced c-fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was
used as a phase marker to further demonstrate that the clock is reset
within 1 hr after a 3 hr deprivation. Sleep deprivation mimicked the
effects of exercise on basal c-fos expression in two components of the
circadian system, suppressing basal Fos immunoreactivity in the SCN,
and increasing Fos in the intergeniculate leaflet. Sleep deprivation
without exercise in hamsters can rapidly reset the circadian clock and
alter gene expression within the circadian system.
Key words:
circadian rhythms; nonphotic entrainment; c-fos; wheel
running; phase shifts; suprachiasmatic nucleus
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/20249326-07$05.00/0
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