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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 2000, 20(3):929-936

Somatostatin Modulates Voltage-Gated K+ and Ca2+ Currents in Rod and Cone Photoreceptors of the Salamander Retina

Abram Akopian1, Juliette Johnson3, Robert Gabriel1, Nicholas Brecha3, 4, 5, and Paul Witkovsky1, 2

Departments of 1 Ophthalmology and 2 Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, 3 Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4 Department of Medicine, Jules Stein Eye Institute and Center for Ulcer Research and Education, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, and 5 Veterans Administration Medical Center-West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073

We investigated the cellular localization in the salamander retina of one of the somatostatin [or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)] receptors, sst2A, and studied the modulatory action of SRIF on voltage-gated K+ and Ca2+ currents in rod and cone photoreceptors. SRIF immunostaining was observed in widely spaced amacrine cells, whose perikarya are at the border of the inner nuclear layer and inner plexiform layer. sst2A immunostaining was seen in the inner segments and terminals of rod and cone photoreceptors. Additional sst2A immunoreactivity was expressed by presumed bipolar and amacrine cells. SRIF, at concentrations of 100-500 nM, enhanced a delayed outwardly rectifying K+ current (IK) in both rod and cone photoreceptors. SRIF action was blocked in cells pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX) and was substantially reduced by intracellular GDPbeta S. Voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ currents in rods and cones were differently modulated by SRIF. SRIF reduced Ca2+ current in rods by 33% but increased it in cones by 40%, on average. Both effects were mediated via G-protein activation and blocked by PTX. Ca2+-imaging experiments supported these results by showing that 500 nM SRIF reduced a K+-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ in rod photoreceptor terminals but increased it in those of cones. Our results suggest that SRIF may play a role in the regulation of glutamate transmitter release from photoreceptors via modulation of voltage-gated K+ and Ca2+ currents.

Key words: somatostatin; retina; Ca2+ channel; K+ channel; G-protein; patch clamp

Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/00/203929-08$05.00/0


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