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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 2000, 20(5):1858-1868
Embryonic and Early Fetal Development of the Human Neocortex
Gundela Meyer1, Jean Pierre Schaaps2, Louis Moreau2, and André M. Goffinet3 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna/Tenerife, Spain, 2 Department of Embryology, University of Liege Medical School, B4000 Liege, Belgium, and 3 Neurobiology Unit, University Namur Medical School, B5000 Namur, Belgium
Early corticogenesis was studied in human embryos and early fetuses from Carnegie stages 16 to 22 (5-8 gestational weeks) by using immunohistochemistry for Reelin (Reln), calretinin (CR), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). A first population of Reln-positive cells appears in the neocortical anlage at stage 16 and increases in number at stages 17-18. At stages 19-20, a monolayer of horizontal CR- and GAD-positive, Reln-negative neurons forms in the preplate, whereas Reln-positive cells shift into a subpial position. Another cell class, the pioneer projection neuron, is CR-positive but GAD- and Reln-negative; pioneer cells contribute early corticofugal axons. Pioneer cells first appear below the monolayer at stage 20 and form a pioneer plate at stage 21. The cortical plate (CP) proper emerges at stage 21 and inserts itself within the pioneer plate, which is thus split into a minor superficial component and a larger deep component that presumably corresponds to the subplate. Initial CP neurons are radially organized and mostly CR-negative. Reln-positive cells remain consistently segregated from the pioneer cells and are thus not directly involved in preplate partition. Our data indicate that the neuronal composition of the human neocortical preplate is more complex than generally described and that various neurons participate in a sequence of events that precede the emergence of the CP.
Key words: Cajal-Retzius cells; preplate; marginal zone; subplate; reelin; neuronal migration
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/2051858-11$05.00/0
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