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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 1, 2000, 20(9):3339-3353
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor
Alters Behavioral Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster
Charlotte
Helfrich-Förster1,
Marcus
Täuber2,
Jae
H.
Park3,
Max
Mühlig-Versen2,
Stephan
Schneuwly2, and
Alois
Hofbauer2
1 Zoological Institute/Animal Physiology, University of
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, 2 Zoological
Institute/Developmental Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, and 3 Department of
Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454
To study the function of the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor
(PDF) in the circadian system of Drosophila, we
misexpressed the pdf gene from the grasshopper
Romalea in the CNS of Drosophila and
investigated the effect of this on behavioral rhythmicity. pdf was either ectopically expressed in different
numbers of neurons in the brain or the thoracical nervous system or
overexpressed in the pacemaker neurons alone. We found severe
alterations in the activity and eclosion rhythm of several but not all
lines with ectopic pdf expression. Only ectopic
pdf expression in neurons that projected into the dorsal
central brain severely influenced activity rhythms. Therefore, we
conclude that PDF acts as a neuromodulator in the dorsal central brain
that is involved in the rhythmic control of behavior. Overexpression of
pdf in the pacemaker neurons alone or in the other
neurons that express the clock genes period
(per) and timeless
(tim) did not disturb the activity rhythm. Such flies still showed a rhythm in PDF accumulation in the central brain terminals. This rhythm was absent in the terminals of neurons that
expressed PDF ectopically. Probably, PDF is rhythmically processed,
transported, or secreted in neurons expressing per and
tim, and additional PDF expression in these cells does
not influence this rhythmic process. In neurons lacking
per and tim, PDF appears to be
continuously processed, leading to a constant PDF secretion at their
nerve terminals. This may lead to conflicting signals in the rhythmic
output pathway and result in a severely altered rhythmic behavior.
Key words:
circadian rhythms; pigment-dispersing factor; neuropeptides; gene misexpression; Drosophila; insects
Copyright © 2000 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/00/2093339-15$05.00/0
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