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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 2001, 21(10):3515-3520
Retrograde Carbon Monoxide Is Required for Induction of Long-Term
Potentiation in Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion
Karim A.
Alkadhi,
Reem S.
Al-Hijailan,
Kahkashan
Malik, and
Yvonne H.
Hogan
Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
Carbon monoxide (CO), produced in the body by the enzyme heme
oxygenase (HO), has been suggested as a retrograde synaptic messenger
with a prominent role in the long-term potentiation (LTP) of certain
areas of the brain. LTP of sympathetic ganglia is 5-HT3
receptor-dependent and has been shown to require nitric oxide
for the maintenance, but not for the induction, phase. We investigated
the possibility of CO being required for the induction of ganglionic
LTP. Pretreatment of rat isolated superior cervical ganglia with
oxyhemoglobin (25-100 µM) completely blocked LTP. In the
same ganglia, prolonged washout of oxyhemoglobin did not uncover any
potentiation of the compound action potential. Oxyhemoglobin had no
significant effect on the maintenance phase in ganglia with established
LTP. Pretreatment of ganglia with the HO inhibitor zinc
protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP) (10 µM) completely and
irreversibly prevented the expression of tetanus-evoked LTP. However,
in the same ganglia, after superfusion of CO in the presence of ZnPP, tetanic stimulation readily evoked LTP. No effect was seen on the
maintenance phase when ZnPP was superfused on ganglia with established
LTP. Pretreatment of ganglia with the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (0.4 µM) alone completely and
irreversibly blocked LTP. However, in the presence of CO, ondansetron
did not block LTP. These results suggest that activation of
5-HT3 receptors may be involved in the production of CO.
The results also suggest that CO, probably originating outside the
presynaptic nerve terminal, is involved in the induction of LTP.
Key words:
long-term potentiation; oxyhemoglobin; Zn-protoporphyrin-IX; ondansetron; L-NOARG; 5-HT3 receptor; nitric oxide; heme oxygenase
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21103515-06$05.00/0
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