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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 2001, 21(14):5381-5388
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Elicits Serotonin-Dependent
Plasticity in the Central Neural Control of Breathing
Liming
Ling1,
David D.
Fuller1,
Karen B.
Bach1,
Richard
Kinkead1,
E. Burdette
Olson Jr2, and
Gordon S.
Mitchell1
1 Departments of Comparative Biosciences and
2 Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706
We tested the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)
elicits plasticity in the central neural control of breathing via serotonin-dependent effects on the integration of
carotid chemoafferent inputs. Adult rats were exposed to 1 week of
nocturnal CIH (11-12% O2/air at 5 min intervals;
12 hr/night). CIH and untreated rats were then anesthetized, paralyzed,
vagotomized, and artificially ventilated. Time-dependent hypoxic
responses were assessed in the phrenic neurogram during and after three
5 min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia. Integrated phrenic amplitude
( Phr) responses during hypoxia were greater after CIH at arterial
oxygen pressures (PaO2) between 25 and 45 mmHg
(p < 0.05), but not at higher
PaO2 levels. CIH did not affect hypoxic phrenic burst
frequency responses, although the post-hypoxia frequency decline that
is typical in rats was abolished. Phr and frequency responses to
electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve were enhanced by CIH
(p < 0.05). Serotonin-dependent long-term
facilitation (LTF) of Phr was enhanced after CIH at 15, 30, and 60 min after episodic hypoxia (p < 0.05).
Pretreatment with the serotonin receptor antagonists methysergide (4 mg/kg, i.v.) and ketanserin (2 mg/kg, i.v.) reversed CIH-induced
augmentation of the short-term hypoxic phrenic response and restored
the post-hypoxia frequency decline in CIH rats. Whereas methysergide
abolished CIH-enhanced phrenic LTF, the selective 5-HT2
antagonist ketanserin only partially reversed this effect. The results
suggest that CIH elicits unique forms of serotonin-dependent plasticity
in the central neural control of breathing. Enhanced LTF after CIH may
involve an upregulation of a non-5-HT2 serotonin receptor
subtype or subtypes.
Key words:
control of breathing; serotonin; plasticity; hypoxia; phrenic motoneurons; rats
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21145381-08$05.00/0
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