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The Journal of Neuroscience, 2001, 21:RC157:1-4
RAPID COMMUNICATION
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human
Prefrontal Cortex Induces Dopamine Release in the Caudate
Nucleus
Antonio P.
Strafella,
Tomá
Paus,
Jennifer
Barrett, and
Alain
Dagher
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal,
Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
Dopamine is implicated in movement, learning, and motivation, and
in illnesses such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug
addiction. Little is known about the control of dopamine release in
humans, but research in experimental animals suggests that the
prefrontal cortex plays an important role in regulating the release of
dopamine in subcortical structures. Here we used [11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography
to measure changes in extracellular dopamine concentration in
vivo after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy human subjects.
Repetitive TMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex caused a
reduction in [11C]raclopride binding in the left
dorsal caudate nucleus compared with rTMS of the left occipital cortex.
There were no changes in binding in the putamen, nucleus accumbens, or
right caudate. This shows that rTMS of the prefrontal cortex induces
the release of endogenous dopamine in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus.
This finding has implications for the therapeutic and research use of
rTMS in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Key words:
positron emission tomography; transcranial magnetic
stimulation; basal ganglia; prefrontal cortex; raclopride; dopamine
Copyright © Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474//$05.00/0
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