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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 2001, 21(16):6147-6158
Inactivation of the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene, But Not That of Vimentin, Improves Neuronal Survival and Neurite Growth by Modifying Adhesion Molecule Expression
Véronique Menet1, Minerva Giménez y Ribotta1, Norbert Chauvet1, Marie Jeanne Drian1, Julie Lannoy1, Emma Colucci-Guyon2, and Alain Privat1 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U336, Université Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier, France, and 2 Unité de Biologie du Développement, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a major component of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes. Their role is far from being completely understood. Immature astrocytes play a major role in neuronal migration and neuritogenesis, and their IFs are mainly composed of vimentin. In mature differentiated astrocytes, vimentin is replaced by the IF protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In response to injury of the CNS in the adult, astrocytes become reactive, upregulate the expression of GFAP, and reexpress vimentin. These modifications contribute to the formation of a glial scar that is obstructive to axonal regeneration. Nevertheless, astrocytes in vitro are considered to be the ideal substratum for the growth of embryonic CNS axons. In the present study, we have examined the potential role of these two major IF proteins in both neuronal survival and neurite growth. For this purpose, we cocultured wild-type neurons on astrocytes from three types of knock-out (KO) mice for GFAP or/and vimentin in a neuron-astrocyte coculture model. We show that the double KO astrocytes present many features of immaturity and greatly improve survival and neurite growth of cocultured neurons by increasing cell-cell contact and secreting diffusible factors. Moreover, our data suggest that the absence of vimentin is not a key element in the permissivity of the mutant astrocytes. Finally, we show that only the absence of GFAP is associated with an increased expression of some extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules. To conclude, our results suggest that GFAP expression is able to modulate key biochemical properties of astrocytes that are implicated in their permissivity.
Key words: astrocytes; cytoskeleton; intermediate filaments; knock-out mice; extracellular matrix; N-cadherin
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21166147-12$05.00/0
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