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The Journal of Neuroscience, 2001, 21:RC163:1-5

RAPID COMMUNICATION
The Pyramidal Cell in Cognition: A Comparative Study in Human and Monkey

Guy N. Elston^{1, 2}, Ruth Benavides-Piccione², and Javier DeFelipe²

¹ Vision, Touch, and Hearing Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, Australia, and ² Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002, Madrid, Spain

Here we present evidence that the pyramidal cell phenotype varies markedly in the cortex of different anthropoid species. Regional and species differences in the size of, number of bifurcations in, and spine density of the basal dendritic arbors cannot be explained by brain size. Instead, pyramidal cell morphology appears to accord with the specialized cortical function these cells perform. Cells in the prefrontal cortex of humans are more branched and more spinous than those in the temporal and occipital lobes. Moreover, cells in the prefrontal cortex of humans are more branched and more spinous than those in the prefrontal cortex of macaque and marmoset monkeys. These results suggest that highly spinous, compartmentalized, pyramidal cells (and the circuits they form) are required to perform complex cortical functions such as comprehension, perception, and planning.

Key words: cortex; dendrite; spine; primate; macaque; marmoset; prefrontal; temporal; occipital

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Copyright © Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474//$05.00/0

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