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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 2001, 21(2):372-381

Age-Dependent Changes in Brain, CSF, and Plasma Amyloid beta  Protein in the Tg2576 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Takeshi Kawarabayashi1, 2, Linda H. Younkin1, Takaomi C. Saido3, Mikio Shoji2, Karen Hsiao Ashe4, and Steven G. Younkin1

1 Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, 2 Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan 371-8511, 3 Proteolytic Neuroscience Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan 351-0198, and 4 Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Center for Clinical and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

The accumulation of amyloid beta  protein (Abeta ) in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated by ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. Changes in Abeta begin at 6-7 months as SDS-insoluble forms of Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 that require formic acid for solubilization appear. From 6 to 10 months, these insoluble forms increase exponentially. As insoluble Abeta appears, SDS-soluble Abeta decreases slightly, suggesting that it may be converting to an insoluble form. Our data indicate that it is full-length unmodified Abeta that accumulates initially in Tg2576 brain. SDS-resistant Abeta oligomers and most Abeta species that are N-terminally truncated or modified develop only in older Tg2576 mice, in which they are present at levels far lower than in human AD brain. Between 6 and 10 months, when SDS-insoluble Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 are easily detected in every animal, histopathology is minimal because only isolated Abeta cores can be identified. By 12 months, diffuse plaques are evident. From 12 to 23 months, diffuse plaques, neuritic plaques with amyloid cores, and biochemically extracted Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 increase to levels like those observed in AD brains. Coincident with the marked deposition of Abeta in brain, there is a decrease in CSF Abeta and a substantial, highly significant decrease in plasma Abeta . If a similar decline occurs in human plasma, it is possible that measurement of plasma Abeta may be useful as a premorbid biomarker for AD.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease; neurodegeneration; Tg2576 transgenic animal model; amyloid beta  protein; cerebrospinal fluid; plasma


Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/01/212372-10$05.00/0


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NeurologyHome page
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Plasma levels of amyloid {beta}-protein 42 are increased in women with mild cognitive impairment
Neurology, September 14, 2004; 63(5): 828 - 831.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
M. A. Moss, N. H. Varvel, M. R. Nichols, D. K. Reed, and T. L. Rosenberry
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Does Not Disaggregate {beta}-Amyloid(1-40) Protofibrils but Does Inhibit Growth Arising from Direct Protofibril Association
Mol. Pharmacol., September 1, 2004; 66(3): 592 - 600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Hum Mol GenetHome page
P. H. Reddy, S. McWeeney, B. S. Park, M. Manczak, R. V. Gutala, D. Partovi, Y. Jung, V. Yau, R. Searles, M. Mori, et al.
Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer's disease
Hum. Mol. Genet., June 15, 2004; 13(12): 1225 - 1240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
E. A. Stern, B. J. Bacskai, G. A. Hickey, F. J. Attenello, J. A. Lombardo, and B. T. Hyman
Cortical Synaptic Integration In Vivo Is Disrupted by Amyloid-{beta} Plaques
J. Neurosci., May 12, 2004; 24(19): 4535 - 4540.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]