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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 2001, 21(2):372-381
Age-Dependent Changes in Brain, CSF, and Plasma Amyloid Protein in the Tg2576 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's
Disease
Takeshi
Kawarabayashi1, 2,
Linda H.
Younkin1,
Takaomi
C.
Saido3,
Mikio
Shoji2,
Karen Hsiao
Ashe4, and
Steven G.
Younkin1
1 Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
32224, 2 Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Gunma,
Japan 371-8511, 3 Proteolytic Neuroscience Laboratory,
RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan 351-0198, and
4 Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Center for
Clinical and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
The accumulation of amyloid protein (A ) in the Tg2576 mouse
model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated by ELISA,
immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. Changes in A begin at 6-7
months as SDS-insoluble forms of A 42 and A 40 that require formic
acid for solubilization appear. From 6 to 10 months, these
insoluble forms increase exponentially. As insoluble A appears,
SDS-soluble A decreases slightly, suggesting that it may be
converting to an insoluble form. Our data indicate that it is
full-length unmodified A that accumulates initially in Tg2576 brain.
SDS-resistant A oligomers and most A species that are
N-terminally truncated or modified develop only in older Tg2576
mice, in which they are present at levels far lower than in human AD
brain. Between 6 and 10 months, when SDS-insoluble A 42 and A 40
are easily detected in every animal, histopathology is minimal because
only isolated A cores can be identified. By 12 months, diffuse
plaques are evident. From 12 to 23 months, diffuse plaques, neuritic
plaques with amyloid cores, and biochemically extracted A 42 and
A 40 increase to levels like those observed in AD brains. Coincident with the marked deposition of A in brain, there is a decrease in CSF
A and a substantial, highly significant decrease in plasma A . If
a similar decline occurs in human plasma, it is possible that
measurement of plasma A may be useful as a premorbid biomarker for AD.
Key words:
Alzheimer's disease; neurodegeneration; Tg2576
transgenic animal model; amyloid protein; cerebrospinal
fluid; plasma
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/212372-10$05.00/0
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J.-H. Lee, K.-F. Lau, M. S. Perkinton, C. L. Standen, B. Rogelj, A. Falinska, D. M. McLoughlin, and C. C. J. Miller
The Neuronal Adaptor Protein X11{beta} Reduces Amyloid {beta}-Protein Levels and Amyloid Plaque Formation in the Brains of Transgenic Mice
J. Biol. Chem.,
November 19, 2004;
279(47):
49099 - 49104.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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K. H. Gylys, J. A. Fein, F. Yang, D. J. Wiley, C. A. Miller, and G. M. Cole
Synaptic Changes in Alzheimer's Disease: Increased Amyloid-{beta} and Gliosis in Surviving Terminals Is Accompanied by Decreased PSD-95 Fluorescence
Am. J. Pathol.,
November 1, 2004;
165(5):
1809 - 1817.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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R. Deane, Z. Wu, and B. V. Zlokovic
RAGE (Yin) Versus LRP (Yang) Balance Regulates Alzheimer Amyloid {beta}-Peptide Clearance Through Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Stroke,
November 1, 2004;
35(11_suppl_1):
2628 - 2631.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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A. Assini, S. Cammarata, A. Vitali, M. Colucci, L. Giliberto, R. Borghi, M. L. Inglese, S. Volpe, S. Ratto, F. Dagna-Bricarelli, et al.
Plasma levels of amyloid {beta}-protein 42 are increased in women with mild cognitive impairment
Neurology,
September 14, 2004;
63(5):
828 - 831.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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M. A. Moss, N. H. Varvel, M. R. Nichols, D. K. Reed, and T. L. Rosenberry
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Does Not Disaggregate {beta}-Amyloid(1-40) Protofibrils but Does Inhibit Growth Arising from Direct Protofibril Association
Mol. Pharmacol.,
September 1, 2004;
66(3):
592 - 600.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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P. H. Reddy, S. McWeeney, B. S. Park, M. Manczak, R. V. Gutala, D. Partovi, Y. Jung, V. Yau, R. Searles, M. Mori, et al.
Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer's disease
Hum. Mol. Genet.,
June 15, 2004;
13(12):
1225 - 1240.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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E. A. Stern, B. J. Bacskai, G. A. Hickey, F. J. Attenello, J. A. Lombardo, and B. T. Hyman
Cortical Synaptic Integration In Vivo Is Disrupted by Amyloid-{beta} Plaques
J. Neurosci.,
May 12, 2004;
24(19):
4535 - 4540.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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