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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 2001, 21(22):8772-8781
Proteasomal-Dependent Aggregate Reversal and Absence of Cell Death in a Conditional Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Ester Martín-Aparicio1, Ai Yamamoto2, Félix Hernández1, René Hen2, Jesús Avila1, and José J. Lucas1 1 Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and 2 Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
Neuronal intranuclear inclusions are a histopathological hallmark of Huntington's disease. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism by which they are formed and their relevance to neuronal cell death and/or dysfunction remains unclear. We recently generated a conditional mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD94) in which silencing expression of mutated huntingtin led to the disappearance of intranuclear aggregates and amelioration of the behavioral phenotype. Here, we analyze primary striatal neuronal cultures from HD94 mice to explore the dynamics of aggregate formation and reversal, the possible mechanisms involved, and the correlation between aggregates and neuronal death. In parallel, we examine symptomatic adult HD94 mice in similar studies and explored the relationship between aggregate clearance and behavioral reversal. We report that, in culture, aggregate formation and reversal were rapid processes, such that 2 d of transgene expression led to aggregate formation, and 5 d of transgene suppression led to aggregate disappearance. In mice, full reversal of aggregates and intranuclear mutant huntingtin was more rapid than reported previously and preceded the motor recovery by several weeks. Furthermore, the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin inhibited the aggregate clearance observed in culture, thus indicating that aggregate formation is a balance between the rate of huntingtin synthesis and its degradation by the proteasome. Finally, neither expression of the mutant huntingtin nor aggregates compromised the viability of HD94 cultures. This correlated with the lack of cell death in symptomatic HD94 mice, thus demonstrating that neuronal dysfunction, and not cell loss, triggered by mutant huntingtin underlies symptomatology.
Key words: Huntington's disease; aggregates; conditional transgenic mouse model; fast reversal; proteasome; absence of cell death
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21228772-10$05.00/0
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