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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2001, 21(23):9194-9203
The Role of Endocytic L1 Trafficking in Polarized Adhesion and
Migration of Nerve Growth Cones
Hiroyuki
Kamiguchi and
Fumie
Yoshihara
Developmental Brain Science Group, RIKEN Brain Science
Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
Motility of the nerve growth cone is highly dependent on its
dynamic interactions with the microenvironment mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). These adhesive interactions can be spatially
regulated by changing the density and avidity of CAMs on the growth
cone. Previous studies have shown that L1, a member of the
immunoglobulin superfamily of CAMs, is endocytosed at the central
domain of the growth cone followed by centrifugal vesicular transport
and reinsertion into the plasma membrane of the leading edge. The
present paper focuses on the functional significance of endocytic L1
trafficking in dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro. We
demonstrate that the rate of L1-based neurite growth has a
positive correlation with the amount of endocytosed L1 in the growth
cone, whereas stimulation of neurite growth via an N-cadherin-dependent
mechanism does not increase L1 endocytosis. A growth cone that migrates
on an L1 substrate exhibits a steep gradient of L1-mediated adhesion
(strong adhesion at the growth cone's leading edge and weak adhesion
at the central domain). This gradient of L1 adhesion is attenuated
after inhibition of L1 endocytosis in the growth cone by intracellular
loading of a function-blocking antibody against -adaptin, a subunit
of the clathrin-associated AP-2 adaptor. Inhibition of L1 endocytosis by this antibody also decreased the rate of L1-dependent growth cone
migration. These results indicate that the growth cone actively translocates CAMs to create spatial asymmetry in adhesive interactions with its environment and that this spatial asymmetry is important for
growth cone migration.
Key words:
cell adhesion molecule; L1; N-cadherin; nerve growth
cone; endocytosis; neurite growth
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21239194-10$05.00/0
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