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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2001, 21(24):9896-9903
Exacerbation of Pain by Anxiety Is Associated with Activity in a
Hippocampal Network
Alexander
Ploghaus1, 2,
Charvy
Narain1,
Christian
F.
Beckmann1,
Stuart
Clare1,
Susanna
Bantick1,
Richard
Wise1,
Paul M.
Matthews1,
J. Nicholas P.
Rawlins2, and
Irene
Tracey1
1 Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of
Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom, and
2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
It is common clinical experience that anxiety about pain can
exacerbate the pain sensation. Using event-related functional magnetic
resonance imaging (FMRI), we compared activation responses to
noxious thermal stimulation while perceived pain intensity was
manipulated by changes in either physical intensity or induced anxiety.
One visual signal, which reliably predicted noxious stimulation of
moderate intensity, came to evoke low anxiety about the impending pain.
Another visual signal was followed by the same, moderate-intensity stimulation on most of the trials, but occasionally by discriminably stronger noxious stimuli, and came to evoke higher anxiety. We found
that the entorhinal cortex of the hippocampal formation responded
differentially to identical noxious stimuli, dependent on whether the
perceived pain intensity was enhanced by pain-relevant anxiety. During
this emotional pain modulation, entorhinal responses predicted activity
in closely connected, affective (perigenual cingulate), and intensity
coding (mid-insula) areas. Our finding suggests that accurate
preparatory information during medical and dental procedures alleviates
pain by disengaging the hippocampus. It supports the proposal that
during anxiety, the hippocampal formation amplifies aversive events to
prime behavioral responses that are adaptive to the worst possible outcome.
Key words:
hyperalgesia; hippocampus; classical fear conditioning; anterior cingulate; insula; causal associative learning; medial
temporal lobe; surprise; aversive emotional learning; anticipation; functional neuroimaging
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21249896-08$05.00/0
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