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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 2001, 21(5):1490-1500
Cytoplasmic Domain Mutations of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule
Reduce L1-Ankyrin Interactions
Leila K.
Needham,
Karsten
Thelen, and
Patricia F.
Maness
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7260
The neural adhesion molecule L1 mediates the axon outgrowth,
adhesion, and fasciculation that are necessary for proper development of synaptic connections. L1 gene mutations are present in humans with
the X-linked mental retardation syndrome CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia, hydrocephalus). Three missense mutations associated with CRASH syndrome reside in the
cytoplasmic domain of L1, which contains a highly conserved binding
region for the cytoskeletal protein ankyrin. In a cellular ankyrin
recruitment assay that uses transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK)
293 cells, two of the pathologic mutations located within the conserved
SFIGQY sequence (S1224L and Y1229H) strikingly reduced the ability of
L1 to recruit 270 kDa ankyrinG protein that was tagged with green
fluorescent protein (ankyrin-GFP) to the plasma membrane. In contrast,
the L1 missense mutation S1194L and an L1 isoform lacking the
neuron-specific sequence RSLE in the cytoplasmic domain were as
effective as RSLE-containing neuronal L1 in the recruitment of
ankyrin-GFP. Ankyrin binding by L1 was independent of cell-cell
interactions. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of L1 regulates
intracellular signal transduction, which is necessary for neurite
outgrowth. In rat B35 neuroblastoma cell lines stably expressing L1
missense mutants, antibody-induced endocytosis was unaffected by S1224L
or S1194L mutations but appeared to be enhanced by the Y1229H mutation.
These results suggested a critical role for tyrosine residue 1229 in
the regulation of L1 endocytosis. In conclusion, specific mutations
within key residues of the cytoplasmic domain of L1
(Ser1224, Tyr1229) destabilize
normal L1-ankyrin interactions and may influence L1 endocytosis to
contribute to the mechanism of neuronal dysfunction in human X-linked
mental retardation.
Key words:
neural cell adhesion molecule; L1; ankyrin; endocytosis; CRASH; mental retardation
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2151490-11$05.00/0
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