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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1, 2001, 21(7):2404-2412
Long-Term Memory Is Facilitated by cAMP Response Element-Binding
Protein Overexpression in the Amygdala
Sheena A.
Josselyn1,
Chanjun
Shi1,
William A.
Carlezon Jr1, 2,
Rachael L.
Neve2,
Eric J.
Nestler1, and
Michael
Davis1
1 Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
06508, and 2 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical
School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178
At least two temporally and mechanistically distinct forms of
memory are conserved across many species: short-term memory that
persists minutes to hours after training and long-term memory (LTM)
that persists days or longer. In general, repeated training trials
presented with intervening rest intervals (spaced training) is more
effective than massed training (the same number of training trials
presented with no or short intervening rest intervals) in producing
LTM. LTM requires de novo protein synthesis, and cAMP
response element-binding protein (CREB) may be one of the transcription
factors regulating the synthesis of new proteins necessary for the
formation of LTM. Here we show that rats given massed fear conditioning
training show no or weak LTM, as measured by fear-potentiated startle,
compared with rats given the same amount of training but presented in a
spaced manner. Increasing CREB levels specifically in the basolateral
amygdala via viral vector-mediated gene transfer significantly
increases LTM after massed fear training. The enhancing effect of CREB
overexpression on LTM formation is shown to be specific in terms of
biochemistry, anatomy, time course, and the training procedure used.
These results suggest that CREB activity in the amygdala serves as a
molecular switch for the formation of LTM in fear conditioning.
Key words:
amygdala; CREB; memory; fear conditioning; viral vector; startle
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2172404-09$05.00/0
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