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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2001, 21(8):2571-2579
Physiological Patterns of Electrical Stimulation Can Induce
Neuronal Gene Expression by Activating N-Type Calcium Channels
Teresa A.
Brosenitsch and
David M.
Katz
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School
of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Activity-dependent neuronal gene expression is thought to require
activation of L-type calcium channels, a view based primarily on
studies in which chronic potassium (K+)
depolarization was used to mimic neuronal activity. However, N-type
calcium channels are primarily inactivated during chronic depolarization, and their potential contribution to gene expression induced by physiological patterns of stimulation has not been defined.
In the present study, electrical stimulation of dissociated primary
sensory neurons at 5 Hz, or treatment with elevated
K+, produced a large increase in the percentage of
neurons that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and protein.
However, blockade of L-type channels, which completely inhibited
K+-induced expression, had no effect on TH
expression induced by patterned stimulation. Conversely, blockade of
N-type channels completely inhibited TH induction by patterned
stimulation, whereas K+-induced expression was
unaffected. Similar results were obtained for depolarization-induced
expression of the immediate early genes Nurr1 and
Nur77. In addition, TH induction by patterned
stimulation was significantly reduced by inhibitors of PKA and PKC but
was unaffected by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. On the other hand, K+-induced
TH expression was significantly reduced by inhibition of the MAPK
pathway but was unaffected by inhibitors of PKA or PKC. These results
demonstrate that N-type calcium channels can directly link phasic
membrane depolarization to gene expression, challenging the view that
activation of L-type channels is required for nuclear responses to
physiological patterns of activity. Moreover, our data show that phasic
and chronic depolarizing stimuli act through distinct mechanisms to
induce neuronal gene expression.
Key words:
activity-dependent gene expression; PKA; PKC; CREB; Nurr1; dopamine
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2182571-09$05.00/0
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