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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2001, 21(8):2610-2621
The Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep Need Is under Genetic
Control
Paul
Franken1, 2,
Didier
Chollet1, and
Mehdi
Tafti1
1 Biochemistry and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of
Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland, and
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305-5020
Delta power, a measure of EEG activity in the 1-4 Hz range, in
slow-wave sleep (SWS) is in a quantitative and predictive relationship with prior wakefulness. Thus, sleep loss evokes a proportional increase
in delta power, and excess sleep a decrease. Therefore, delta power is
thought to reflect SWS need and its underlying homeostatically
regulated recovery process. The neurophysiological substrate of this
process is unknown and forward genetics might help elucidate the nature
of what is depleted during wakefulness and recovered during SWS. We
applied a mathematical method that quantifies the relationship between
the sleep-wake distribution and delta power to sleep data of six
inbred mouse strains. The results demonstrated that the rate at which
SWS need accumulated varied greatly with genotype. This conclusion was
confirmed in a "dose-response" study of sleep loss and changes in
delta power; delta power strongly depended on both the duration of
prior wakefulness and genotype. We followed the segregation of the
rebound of delta power after sleep deprivation in 25 BXD recombinant
inbred strains by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. One
"significant" QTL was identified on chromosome 13 that accounted
for 49% of the genetic variance in this trait. Interestingly, the rate
at which SWS need decreases did not vary with genotype in any of the 31 inbred strains studied. These results demonstrate, for the first time,
that the increase of SWS need is under a strong genetic control, and
they provide a basis for identifying genes underlying SWS homeostasis.
Key words:
EEG delta power; slow-wave activity; sleep deprivation; homeostatic regulation of non-REM sleep; simulation of Process S; BXD
recombinant-inbred mouse strains; QTL; Dps1; Dps2; Dps3;
forward genetics
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2182610-12$05.00/0
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