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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2001, 21(8):2912-2918
Deficiency of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Signaling Is Associated with Sleep Alterations in the Dwarf Rat
Ferenc Obál Jr1, 2, Jidong Fang2, Ping Taishi2, Balint Kacsóh3, Janos Gardi2, and James M. Krueger2 1 Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, 6720 Szeged, Hungary, 2 Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6520, and 3 Division of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia 31207
The somatotropic axis, and particularly growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), is implicated in the regulation of sleep-wake activity. To evaluate sleep in chronic somatotropic deficiency, sleep-wake activity was studied in dwarf (dw/dw) rats that are known to have a defective GHRH signaling mechanism in the pituitary and in normal Lewis rats, the parental strain of the dw/dw rats. In addition, expression of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) mRNA in the hypothalamus/preoptic region and in the pituitary was also determined by means of reverse transcription-PCR, and GHRH content of the hypothalamus was measured. Hypothalamic/preoptic and pituitary GHRH-R mRNA levels were decreased in the dw/dw rats, indicating deficits in the central GHRHergic transmission. Hypothalamic GHRH content in dw/dw rats was also less than that found in Lewis rats. The dw/dw rats had less spontaneous nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) (light and dark period) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) (light period) than did the control Lewis rats. After 4 hr of sleep deprivation, rebound increases in NREMS and REMS were normal in the dw/dw rat. As determined by fast Fourier analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), the sleep deprivation-induced enhancements in EEG slow-wave activity in the dw/dw rats were only one-half of the response in the Lewis rats. The results are compared with sleep findings previously obtained in GHRH-deficient transgenic mice. The alterations in NREMS are attributed to the defect in GHRH signaling, whereas the decreases in REMS might result from the growth hormone deficiency in the dw/dw rat.
Key words: sleep; GHRH receptor; dwarf; sleep deprivation; somatotropic axis; rats
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2182912-07$05.00/0
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