QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (58) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Chaudhry, F. A. Articles by Edwards, R. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Chaudhry, F. A. Articles by Edwards, R. H.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1, 2002, 22(1):62-72

Glutamine Uptake by Neurons: Interaction of Protons with System A Transporters

Farrukh A. Chaudhry^{1, 4}, Dietmar Schmitz^{2, 4}, Richard J. Reimer^{1, 4}, Peter Larsson⁵, Andrew T. Gray³, Roger Nicoll^{2, 4}, Michael Kavanaugh⁵, and Robert H. Edwards^{1, 4}

Departments of ¹ Neurology, ² Pharmacology, ³ Anesthesia, and ⁴ Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143-0435, and ⁵ Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201

Astrocytes provide the glutamine required by neurons to synthesize glutamate and GABA. However, the mechanisms involved in glutamine transfer from glia to neurons have remained poorly understood. Recent work has implicated the System N transporter SN1 in the efflux of glutamine from astrocytes and the very closely related System A transporters SA1 and SA2 in glutamine uptake by neurons. To understand how these closely related proteins mediate flux in different directions, we have examined their ionic coupling. In contrast to the electroneutral exchange of H⁺ for Na⁺ and neutral amino acid catalyzed by SN1, we now show that SA1 and SA2 do not couple H⁺ movement to amino acid flux. As a result, SA1 and SA2 are electrogenic and do not mediate flux reversal as readily as SN1. Differences between System N and A transporters in coupling to H⁺ thus contribute to the delivery of glutamine from glia to neurons. Nonetheless, although they are not transported, H⁺ inhibit SA1 and SA2 by competing with Na⁺.

Key words: glutamine-glutamate cycle; system A; system N; glutamine; synaptic transmission; H⁺ coupling

---

Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22162-11$05.00/0

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Jenstad, A. Z. Quazi, M. Zilberter, C. Haglerod, P. Berghuis, N. Saddique, M. Goiny, D. Buntup, S. Davanger, F.-M. S. Haug, et al. System A Transporter SAT2 Mediates Replenishment of Dendritic Glutamate Pools Controlling Retrograde Signaling by Glutamate Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2009; 19(5): 1092 - 1106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Grewal, N. Defamie, X. Zhang, S. De Gois, A. Shawki, B. Mackenzie, C. Chen, H. Varoqui, and J. D. Erickson SNAT2 Amino Acid Transporter Is Regulated by Amino Acids of the SLC6 {gamma}-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter Subfamily in Neocortical Neurons and May Play No Role in Delivering Glutamine for Glutamatergic Transmission J. Biol. Chem., April 24, 2009; 284(17): 11224 - 11236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Zhang, A. Gameiro, and C. Grewer Highly Conserved Asparagine 82 Controls the Interaction of Na+ with the Sodium-coupled Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SNAT2 J. Biol. Chem., May 2, 2008; 283(18): 12284 - 12292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-L. Liang, G. C. Carlson, and D. A. Coulter Dynamic Regulation of Synaptic GABA Release by the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle in Hippocampal Area CA1. J. Neurosci., August 15, 2006; 26(33): 8537 - 8548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gu, C. J. Villegas, and J. X. Jiang Differential Regulation of Amino Acid Transporter SNAT3 by Insulin in Hepatocytes J. Biol. Chem., July 15, 2005; 280(28): 26055 - 26062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. T. Solbu, J.-L. Boulland, W. Zahid, M. K. Lyamouri Bredahl, M. Amiry-Moghaddam, J. Storm-Mathisen, B. A. Roberg, and F. A. Chaudhry Induction and Targeting of the Glutamine Transporter SN1 to the Basolateral Membranes of Cortical Kidney Tubule Cells during Chronic Metabolic Acidosis Suggest a Role in pH Regulation J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2005; 16(4): 869 - 877. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. E. Baird, K. J. Beattie, A. R. Hyde, V. Ganapathy, M. J. Rennie, and P. M. Taylor Bidirectional substrate fluxes through the System N (SNAT5) glutamine transporter may determine net glutamine flux in rat liver J. Physiol., September 1, 2004; 559(2): 367 - 381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Melone, F. Quagliano, P. Barbaresi, H. Varoqui, J. D. Erickson, and F. Conti Localization of the Glutamine Transporter SNAT1 in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Neighboring Structures, With a Note on its Localization in Human Cortex Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2004; 14(5): 562 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. V. Bui, M. Kalloniatis, and A. J. Vingrys Retinal Function Loss after Monocarboxylate Transport Inhibition Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2004; 45(2): 584 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Rubio-Aliaga, M. Boll, D. M. Vogt Weisenhorn, M. Foltz, G. Kottra, and H. Daniel The Proton/Amino Acid Cotransporter PAT2 Is Expressed in Neurons with a Different Subcellular Localization than Its Paralog PAT1 J. Biol. Chem., January 23, 2004; 279(4): 2754 - 2760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mackenzie, M. K.-H. Schafer, J. D. Erickson, M. A. Hediger, E. Weihe, and H. Varoqui Functional Properties and Cellular Distribution of the System A Glutamine Transporter SNAT1 Support Specialized Roles in Central Neurons J. Biol. Chem., June 20, 2003; 278(26): 23720 - 23730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. C. Mathews and J. S. Diamond Neuronal Glutamate Uptake Contributes to GABA Synthesis and Inhibitory Synaptic Strength J. Neurosci., March 15, 2003; 23(6): 2040 - 2048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Wreden, J. Johnson, C. Tran, R. P. Seal, D. R. Copenhagen, R. J. Reimer, and R. H. Edwards The H+-Coupled Electrogenic Lysosomal Amino Acid Transporter LYAAT1 Localizes to the Axon and Plasma Membrane of Hippocampal Neurons J. Neurosci., February 15, 2003; 23(4): 1265 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sakai, H. Shimizu, T. Koike, S. Furuya, and M. Watanabe Neutral Amino Acid Transporter ASCT1 Is Preferentially Expressed in L-Ser-Synthetic/Storing Glial Cells in the Mouse Brain with Transient Expression in Developing Capillaries J. Neurosci., January 15, 2003; 23(2): 550 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bacci, G. Sancini, C. Verderio, S. Armano, E. Pravettoni, R. Fesce, S. Franceschetti, and M. Matteoli Block of Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle Between Astrocytes and Neurons Inhibits Epileptiform Activity in Hippocampus J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2302 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. A. Chaudhry, R. J. Reimer, and R. H. Edwards The glutamine commute: take the N line and transfer to the A J. Cell Biol., April 29, 2002; 157(3): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. A. Chaudhry, R. J. Reimer, and R. H. Edwards The glutamine commute: take the N line and transfer to the A J. Cell Biol., April 29, 2002; 157(3): 349 - 355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help