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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 2002, 22(10):4132-4141
Localized Neuronal Outgrowth Induced by Long-Term Sensitization
Training in Aplysia
Marcy L.
Wainwright,
Han
Zhang,
John H.
Byrne, and
Leonard J.
Cleary
W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory,
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas-Houston
Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030
Biophysical, biochemical, and morphological studies have implicated
sensory neurons as key sites of plasticity in the formation and
retention of the memory of long-term sensitization in Aplysia californica. This study examined the effects of different
sensitization training protocols on the structure of sensory neurons
mediating the tail-siphon withdrawal reflex. A 4 d training period
produced a robust localized outgrowth in these sensory neurons observed 24 hr after the end of training. These changes are consistent with
previous results in siphon sensory neurons (Bailey and Chen, 1988a). In
contrast, 1 d of sensitization training, which has been shown to
effectively induce long-term behavioral sensitization and synaptic
facilitation (Frost et al., 1985; Cleary et al., 1998), is not
associated with morphological changes in tail sensory neurons at either
24 hr or 4 d after training. Similarly, a single treatment with
the growth factor TGF- , which also induced facilitation, did not
alter sensory neuron morphology. The different effectiveness of the two
protocols was not simply a reflection of the number of stimuli
presented, because a 1 d massed training protocol did not produce
sensitization 24 hr after training, nor did it induce neuronal outgrowth.
These results suggest that extensive sensitization training is required
to induce neuronal outgrowth in tail sensory neurons, indicating that
the memory of long-term sensitization induced by 1 d of training
is mechanistically different from that induced by 4 d of training.
Moreover, the induction of a form of long-term sensitization associated
with neuronal outgrowth does not appear to be a function of the amount
of stimulation but does appear to be dependent on the temporal spacing
of the stimulation over multiple days.
Key words:
morphology; Aplysia; sensitization; long-term
memory; nonassociative learning; neuronal outgrowth
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22104132-10$05.00/0
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