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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2002, 22(11):4428-4436
Activity-Dependent Recruitment of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor
Activation at an AMPA Receptor-Only Synapse
Beverley A.
Clark and
Stuart G.
Cull-Candy
Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E
6BT, United Kingdom
We have identified an excitatory synapse in cerebellar molecular
layer interneurons at which the level of presynaptic activity determines the receptor type involved in the postsynaptic response. When small numbers of parallel fibers are activated, EPSCs are mediated
solely by AMPA receptors (AMPARs), despite our finding that NMDA
receptors (NMDARs) are present in the dendrites of these cells. The
EPSC kinetics are fast ( decay = 0.82 ± 0.05 msec at room
temperature), consistent with the role these interneurons are thought
to play in precisely timed inhibitory control of Purkinje cells. NMDARs
are activated only when glutamate release is increased either by
facilitation with brief high-frequency trains or by recruiting more
presynaptic fibers with higher stimulus intensities. Under these
conditions, EPSCs consist of a fast-rising AMPAR-mediated current
followed by a slow component mediated by both NMDARs and AMPARs.
Inhibitors of glutamate transport increase the amplitude and prolong
the time course of the compound EPSCs. In contrast, the properties of
fast AMPAR EPSCs resulting from the activation of few inputs remain
unchanged when glutamate uptake is blocked. Our results suggest that,
at these synapses, the postsynaptic density contains AMPARs alone. It
is only when transmitter release is high enough for glutamate to
diffuse to the extrasynaptic space and to reach concentrations
sufficient to activate extrasynaptic receptors that NMDARs are involved
in the postsynaptic response. We suggest that such a spatial separation
of receptor types may provide a mechanism for rapid changes in EPSC
properties, depending on the amount of synaptic activity.
Key words:
extrasynaptic NMDA receptor; AMPA-EPSC; diffusion; glutamate transporters; parallel fiber; cerebellar
interneuron
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22114428-09$05.00/0
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