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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2002, 22(11):4740-4745
PKA/AKAP/VR-1 Module: A Common Link of Gs-Mediated
Signaling to Thermal Hyperalgesia
Parvinder Kaur
Rathee1, *,
Carsten
Distler1, *,
Otilia
Obreja1,
Winfried
Neuhuber2,
Ging Kuo
Wang4,
Sho-Ya
Wang5,
Carla
Nau3, and
Michaela
Kress1
1 Institute of Physiology and Experimental
Pathophysiology, 2 Institute of Anatomy I, and
3 Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Erlangen,
D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, 4 Department of Anaesthesia,
Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and 5 Department of Biology,
State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222
Inflammatory mediators not only activate "pain-"sensing
neurons, the nociceptors, to trigger acute pain sensations, more
important, they increase nociceptor responsiveness to produce
inflammatory hyperalgesia. For example, prostaglandins activate
Gs-protein-coupled receptors and initiate cAMP- and protein
kinase A (PKA)-mediated processes. We demonstrate for the first time at
the cellular level that heat-activated ionic currents were potentiated
after exposure to the cAMP activator forskolin in rat nociceptive
neurons. The potentiation was prevented in the presence of the
selective PKA inhibitor PKI14-22, suggesting PKA-mediated
phosphorylation of the heat transducer protein. PKA regulatory subunits
were found in close vicinity to the plasma membrane in these neurons,
and PKA catalytic subunits only translocated to the cell periphery when
activated. The translocation and the current potentiation were
abolished in the presence of an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) inhibitor. Similar current changes after PKA activation were obtained from human embryonic kidney 293t cells transfected with
the wild-type heat transducer protein vanilloid receptor 1 (VR-1). The forskolin-induced current potentiation was greatly reduced in cells transfected with VR-1 mutants carrying point mutations
at the predicted PKA phosphorylation sites. The heat transducer VR-1 is
therefore suggested as the molecular target of PKA phosphorylation, and
potentiation of current responses to heat depends on phosphorylation at
predicted PKA consensus sites. Thus, the PKA/AKAP/VR-1 module presents
as the molecular correlate of Gs-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Key words:
nociception; capsaicin; vanilloid receptor; sensitization; inflammation; sensory neuron
*
P.K.R and C.D. contributed equally to this work.
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22114740-06$05.00/0
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